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924 METABOLISM.
According to Rubner’s rule as to the influence of the surface, which
has been recently formulated by E. Voit, the need of energy in homceo-
thermic animals is influenced by the development of their surface when
their body is given rest, medium surrounding temperature, and relatively
equal protein condition. This rule applies not only to adult human beings,
but also to children and growing individuals (Rubner, Oppenheimer,
Schlossmann and Murschhauser) . The surface is the essential factor
in determining the extent of exchange of energy. In order to show
this we will give here, from a work of Rubner,1
the figures representing
the quantity of heat in calories for 1 square meter of surface for twenty-
four hours:
Adult, medium diet, rest 1189 calories.
Adult, medium die
x
, work 1399 ’
’
Suckling 1221 "
Child with medium diet 1447 ’
’
Aged men and women 1099 ’
’
Women 1004 ’
’
The variation in the calorific values 2
found by many investigators,
which is sometimes not very small, suggests the fact that the surface
rule is not alone decisive for the exchange of material in resting animals.
Still it is generally considered that it is of the greatest importance in
metabolism.
The more active metabolism in young individuals is apparent when
we measure the gaseous exchange as well as the excretion of nitrogen.
As example of the elimination of urea in children the following results of
Camerer 3
are of value
:
Age.
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