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England to its downfall. A few words will be
enough to fix the sequence of events.
Siward the Stout of Northumbria died in 1055 ;
Henry of Huntingdon tells how he would not die
"the death of a sick cow," but bade his folk bring
helmet and sword and battle-axe, "and when armed
according to his desire he gave up the ghost." His
earldom did not descend to his son Waltheof, nor to
Eadulfs son Oswulf, but to King Eadward’s and
Queen Eadgyth’s favourite Tosti. But Tosti left his
earldom to the care of an underling, and amused
himself at court. When he did interfere with Northumbrian
affairs it was for mischief. Gamel Ormsson
and Ulf Dolfinsson were murdered at his house at
York ; Gospatric was murdered at the Queen’s
Court—at least folk called it murder, and laid it to Tosti.
The Northumbrians rose against him ; on October 3,
1065, three of their chief men attacked his house at
York, and slaughtered his húskarls. The names of
these Yorkshiremen are not without significance :
Gamelbearn, a Norseman, Dunstan son of Æthelnoth,
an Englishman, and Glonieorn (Glunier in Yorks.
Domesd.) son of Heardulf, connected with the royal
Danish family of Dublin, for the Gaelic Gluniarainn,
translating the Norse Járn-kné, was famous among
the O’lvar; one of the name was half-king in 851,
another was father of Ottar jarl, the comrade of
Ragnvald who became king of York, and a third
was son of Olaf Cuaran. With these leaders the
people of Northumbria deposed Tosti and invited
Mórkári, son of Ælfgar, to be their earl. He led
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