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Scandinavian element is doubtful or less obvious. The
Llanrhidian stone appears to be a kind of hogback
and therefore Norse, as the hogbacks are not Celtic.
From 966 for some twenty-five years it seems that the
Vikings had a troublous time in Glamorganshire, and
though they were invited into the country again in
1031 and 1043 to aid in the internecine quarrels of
the Welsh, they established no state important enough
to figure in history. But of their settlement there can
be little doubt.
Farther west the Viking colony seems present at
Caldy, Ramsey, Swanslake, Barnlake (lækr?) Gateholm, Milford (fjord), Lindsway (vágr) Hosguard,
Fishguard, Dale, Stack, Solva, Goodwic, Barry,
etc. Here again, however, there is little in the way
of archæological evidence except the Runes on the
Carew Cross (Pembroke Dock) to favour the idea of a
cultured and Christianised settlement. If the story
of Pálnatóki and Svein be localised in Pembroke, we
understand the reason;
for these were of the type of
Vikings who stuck to the old habits. From Caradoc
of Llancarvan we gather that there was no quiet time
in Pembroke. In 981 Godfrid son of Harald (p. 228)
spoiled St. Davids;
in 987 the Danes destroyed
St. Davids and other churches, and forced prince
Meredith to pay the tribute of the Black Army
(Dubhgaill);
in 989 they ravaged St. Davids, Cardigan and Kidwely, and were bought off; in 995
they not only plundered St. Davids but killed and
the Welsh said ate–the bishop. About 1000-1015
jarl Einar went on frequent voyages to Bretland
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