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Suumiary.
The primitive förests of Granskar and Fiby.
A stiidy of the part played by storm-gaps and dwarf trees in the
regeneration of the Swedish spruce forest.
The spruce (Ficca Ahies) has a remarkably small resistance again st storms
as com pared with for instance the pine (Finns sil testris), tlie birch (JJetn/a
alba), or the aspen (Fopuhis tremula). If one examines the elfects of the storms
in a really old spruce wood, wliere the effects are likely to be verv obvious,
one will find that the storm does not overthrow inany separate trees, nor does
it feil whole stands; on tlie contrary, in accordance vvitli its wave-like
move-ment, it makes gaps with a churacteristic form — storm-gaps. Figs. IG, 18, 28.
These storm gaps give tlie primeval spruce forest a specific type of
regeneration, and by reiteration a .specific mosaic structure — the storm-gap structure.
Two forests in Uppland (Middle Sweden), Granskär and Fiby forests are used,
as a basis for an ecological monograph of the regeneration and structurnl
types involved, to which very little attention lias been paid previously.
Jn Part 1 these phenomena are broadly treated, with Granskar and Fiby
forest as a basis, and a general survey is given of the catastropliic storms in
Uppland during historie time.
Parts 2 and 3 are, in the main, devoted to Fiby forest; and the attempt
is made to show that this forest is not only a natural one with a great
nurnber of primeval features, among which the storm-gap structure is the
fundamental one, but that it is sufficiently unique in the vegetation of
Middle Sweden for its preservation as a nature reserve to be an imperative
necessitv.
This investigation was begun as an answer to the claim of Professor
Heneitc Hess elman, who has also studied the Fiby forest from an ecological point
of view, that the forest is of small scientific value. The Government and the
University of Uppsala in the near future will have to decide whether tlie
Fiby forest should be conserved or not, and Professor Hesselman, being tlie
director of the Forestry Experimental Institute of Sweden, miglit in this
capacity e ff eet a negative decision. For us, who regard. such a result —
fol-lowed, as it would be, by the immediate exploitation of the forest — as an
irreparable loss to Swedish forest ecology and conservation of nature, it is of
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