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22
digestive apparatus is a further significance. If this period by
some reason or other is abnormally prolonged, even moulds in
small numbers might leave some injurious effect.
Summary.
1. The occurrence of fungi in the alimentary canal of man has
been proved to be more frequent than was formerly supposed.
In analyzing samples of human faeces the following moulds
were isolated: Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. nidulans,
A. umbrinus, A. terreus, Penicillium divaricatum, Oidium laclis. In
addition numerous yeasts were found.
2. Samples of faeces from higher animals yielded the following
forms: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus nigricans, Penieillium
Iuteum, and P. avellaneum, the latter being reported for the first
time.
3. Penicillium notatum and P. frequentans were isolated from cold-
blooded animals.
4. The temperature modifies the toxic action of the gastric juice
in this way: an increase in temperature above the optimum for
the fungus increases the toxicity of the juice to the species.
Moulds with low optima are therefore killed when passing
through the alimentary canal, while thermophilous species pass
through alive. Accordingly only moulds with comparatively
higher optima are found in faeces of warm-blooded animals while
faeces of cold-blooded animals yield moulds with low optima
as well.
5. Intravenous injections in rabbits of Aspergillus terreus, A. umbrinus,
and Penicillium divaricatum showed no pathogenic properties of
these moulds.
6. Feeding of spores and mycelium of Aspergillus fumigatus, A.
flavus, A. niger, A. nidulans, A. umbrinus, A. terreus, Penicillium
avellaneum and P. divaricatum to rabbits proved to be fatal. The
symptoms. of poisoning from the toxic moulds were muscular
convulsions resembling tetanus, weakness and paralysis, followed
by death.
7. An accumulation of moulds in the alimentary canal of man
may lead to serious disturbances and should, therefore, receive
due attention.
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