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SVENSK BOTANISK TIDSKRIFT. 1917. Dp. 11, H. 1.
THE TOXICITY OF MOULDS TO THE HÖNS
BEE, AND THE CAUSE OF BEE-FPARAFY
BY
GOTE TURESSON
In following up my studies on the toxicity of moulds to animals
my attention was drawn to some disturbances among bees, appa-
rently mycotic, and showing great similarity with poisoning from
oxic moulds. In bee-literature the disease is termed bee-paralysis
din German »Flügellähme», »Maikrankheit» etc). Anyone who
has seen the effects of feeding toxic moulds to rabbits or guinea
pigs must have noticed the symptomatic similarities between this
intoxication experimentally induced and bee-paralysis. Most of the
current theories endeavouring to explain the cause and nature of
paralysis in bees have, however, taken refuge to views totally dif-
ferent from the idea that poisoning from moulds is the source of
the trouble. Pollen from poisonous plants, »sour» water, bacteria
and animal parasites have all been thought to cause the disease.
When all other possible explanations have been proven inadequate
mention has sometimes been made of moulds growing in the bee-
hive. The ZANDER theory, discussed more in detail in the follow- :
ing, is the only serious attempt hitherto made to clear up the mat-
ter. That this theory, however, is untenable has long been the
opinion of practical bee-keepers.
The pathological significance of moulds infesting the bee-hive
will be clearly demonstrated in this paper. Furthermore, that the
paralysis can most readily be induced by feeding bees on mouldy
food. The intoxication due to the feeding of moulds exhibits every
characteristic of phenol poisoning, thus strengthening the belief that
phenolic substances present in the moulds are the cause of the
intoxication.
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