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1(54
2 Croups consisting of a number of polymorphous species, with a
disposition to hybridism. These -— the neotypical — are the
voungest, and are still in the full process of development.
To the former categorv, which consists of ligneous species with
pinnate, articulate leaves and liairv fruits, belongs P. fruticosa. In
Wolf’s natural svstem, wich is grounded ön the charader of the
carpels, the species is reckoned amongst the Sectio Trichocarpce
(with hairv fruits), Suhsectio Rhopalostyla• (with club-shaped style),
and Grex Frnticoscv (pure bush-nature, articulated leaves, fruit
closely covered with hairs).
Geogra]>hical distribution: In Asia: Siberia, Central and
Kastern Asia, Kamtschatka, the islands of the Behring’s Sea, Japan,
Corea, Mandchuria, China, the Himalava-lands, the Caucasus,
Ar-menia. In Europé: South Russia, the Ural, Estland, Courland,
(Livland?), Öland, Gotland, the north of England, Ireland, the
Pyrenees, the Maritime Alps. In North America: In the east,
from Labrador to New Jersey; in the west, from Alaska to
California, and in the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona.
In Öland, P. frulicosa occurs only ön the southern „alfvar",
growing in colonies. Ön the „alfvar’ two kinds of soil cail be
distinguished: l) Extensive slabs of limestone, eitlier naked, or
covered with a thin layer of earth, and with open vegetation. 2)
Somewhat deeper earth, with close vegetation. P. frulicosa grows
in both localities; in the former in the cracks between the stones
and, in the latter in places, wliere the ground is knollv, damp, and
somewhat stony (see the fig. 1 and 2). It is most common in the
localities last-mentioned. The places where it occurs in Gotland
resemble pretty much the Öland habitat of the species.
In both islands, P. fruticosa occurs together with a relatively
large percentage of glacial-, sub-glacial- and oak-growths, and above
the limits of the ancient Ancvlus Lake, although ön Öland it has
since spread below the same. Apparently, the species immigrated
to Öland and Gotland across the Baltic Provinces, during the
period which, in Sernander’s terminology, is called the „arctic".
THE VARIATION IX THE VEGETATIVE SYSTEM.
P. fruticosa grows both as Single plants and also in groups. The
lieight of the bushes varies between 10 centimetres (3,9 inches) up
to möre than 1—11/2 metre (circa 39—59 inches). The tallest spe-
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