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NOTES 97
cosmos.” He it was who established the systematie botany
and zoology of modern times. He revolutionized the study
of botany and first announced the principles for the
definition of genera and species, and established the binomial
nomenclature of both.
50. Daniel Melanderhjelm (1726—1810), mathematician
and astronomer, who wrote extensively on these sciences.
His elementary work on astronomy (in Latin) was long
used in Sweden and in continental Europe. His purely
scientific works relate chiefly to celestial mechanics, the
branch to which the poet has reference. In the work De
theoria lunt commentarii, by Melanderhjelm, the orbit of
the moon is determined and related problems are solved by
other and simpler methods than those employed by Clairaut,
Euler and Lagrange. Tegnér, therefore, does not overstate
the case.
52. Karl Vilhelm Scheele (1742—1786), one of the great
scientists of his time in the field of chemistry. The
discovery of oxygen was made by him independently prior to
August, 1774, when Priestley claimed the discovery, but by
a long delay in the publishing of his great work, "Chemische
Abhandlung von der Luft und der Feuer,” the priority of
this and several other importarit discoveries was lost to
him. (Prof. P. T. CLEVE.)
In this connection may be mentioned the curious
apocryphal story that Gustavus III. heard of Scheele’s
achievements for the first time on one of his trips abroad and, in
his haste to make amends, had a patent of nobility issued,
which was delivered to another person of that name, by
mistake, thereby establishing the Von Schéele family. Its
elevation to the nobility, however, does not rest on the
ground assigned by this piece of fiction. (Swedish Ene.)
53. Torbern Olov Bergman (1735—1784), a Swedish
naturalist of international fame. After having made a name
for himself in zoology and physics, he specialized in
chemistry, and his researches and experiments are said to have
formed the basis for analytical chemistry. His work,
Sciagraphia regni mineralis, etc. (1783), was published in five
languages and eleven editions within two years. Bergman
a the teacher of Scheele and a number of other scientists
of. note.
54. Sven Lagerbring (1707—1787), historian, author of
Svea rikes historia in four volumes (incomplete), a work
recognized as the first critical history of Sweden.
The illustrious names mentioned so far would suffice to
impress the student with the force of the poet’s words
(lines 46—47):
Svensk diktning. 7.
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