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CLIMATE.
33
One is that the north of Sweden is cut off by the Scandinavian mountain
range from the warming influence of the south-west winds, and the other,
that the general height of the north of Sweden above the sea is greater
than that of the south of the country. In consequence of this, the mean
annual temperature of the far north of Sweden is somewhat lower than
freezing point, while on the south and south-western coasts it rises to 7° C.,
or even a little more. The Table 5 gives the mean temperatures for some
places in Sweden during January, April, July, and October, as well
as for the whole year, according to observations made during the 54
years 1859—1912. As, however, observations have been made during the
whole of the period in question only at some of the places, the mean
temperature for the others has been calculated from the difference between
the temperatures at one of these places and those at a neighbouring station
where observations have been made during all these 54 years.
For the sake of comparison it may be added that the mean annual
temperature in Berlin (the centre of the city) is 9-1°; that in London
(Greenwich Observatory) 10-0°; in Paris (the centre of the city) 10-7° and in
New York (Central Park) 11-3° C.
Lack of space prevents the insertion in the Table of the mean temperatures
for all the months of the year, but those for January and July, respectively,
give a good idea of the winter cold ^nd the summer heat, while the figures
for April and October show how the spring and the autumn approach the
mean annual temperature. As the stations given in the Table are arranged from
north to south, a good idea is also obtained of the increase in temperature from
north to south, which, from Lappland to Southern Sweden, amounts to 14° in
January, 10° in April and October, but to no more than 6° during July. But
the height above the sea influences the temperature, which, on an average, falls
1" for each 200 meters’ increase in height. The distance from the sea has some
influence, too, as we find by Table 6 below, in which the temperatures are
Table 6. Mean Temperatures reduced to Sea-level. Celsius.
Station January April July October The whole year
Jokkmokk . . . — 13-1 o-O 15-6 0l 0-8
Haparanda . . . - ll-o — 1-7 14-9 1-5 0-5
Stensele .... — 10-4 0-8 15 5 1-8 1-fi
Piteå ..... - 9-8 — o-i 15-5 2-2 1*7
Umeå,..... - 8-0 O-o 150 2-8 21
Storlien .... — 4-0 2-5 13’6 4-2 3-7
Östersund . . . - 6-6 2-4 15-3 4-4 3-7
Sveg...... — 8-5 2-7 15-9 3-2 3l
Härnösand . . . - 6-2 1-2 15-1 4-2 3’4
Särna ..... — 9-4 2-6 15-9 3-6 3 1
Gävle..... - 4-2 2-5 159 49 4-6
Växjö..... — 1-8 5-0 17-0 71 6-8
Kalmar .... — 10 4-2 16’9 7-9 6.9
3—133179. Sweden. I.
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