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40
I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
tables of mortality, that the severe winters of Sweden are not
unhealthy, and it is clear that the nations of South Europe suffer more
from excess of heat than those of North Europe do from fexcess of cold.
The northern winter has, too, its particular charms, which are scarcely less
than those of summer.
Photo. Fr. G. Klemming,
An Autumn Evening. Stockholm. Stockholm.
Snow falls everywhere in Sweden every winter, but the time during which
the ground remains covered with snow varies considerably from province to
province, and from one year to another. In Skåne, on an average, the snow
remains on open plains only 47 days; in the rest of Götaland this figure becomes
50 to 93 days; in Svealand, 86 to 140 days; in the south of Norrland, 140
to 170 days, and in the north of Norrland, 170 to 190 days. In the severe
winter of 1880—81, snow covered the ground in the Län of Stockholm for
166 days, but, in the mild winter of 1881 — 82, for no longer than 33 days.
As a rule, snow remains on the ground longer in the forests than on the plains,
the difference in time varying from 2 to 15 days.
The snow-covering plays a very important part in the forest-economy of
Sweden, on account of the great help it affords for the transport of timber in the
vast forests of the country. For this reason, the absence of a snow-covering
during the winter is in some provinces considered to be a calamity almost
comparable to failure of the crops. The snow-covering also protects the soil against
a too great loss of heat and, to a very great extent, prevents the penetration
of the frost into the earth, but, on the other hand, it lowers the temperature
of the air. Furthermore, it forms a stored supply of water, which, on melting,
replenishes springs, rivers and lakes.
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