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GEOLOGY.
57
The areas in this province now occupied by deposits of the Cretaceous and
Rhaet-Lias Systems, partly too by thos’e of the Keuper and the Silurian System,
are such as have suffered subsidence by dislocations. Between the depressed
or subsided areas there remain certain ridges or so-called "Horsts", which are
sections of the Archæan rockground that, bounded by faults, have not as yet
been destroyed or smoothed away.
Thot. Alto. Ols?o^.
Glacier on Mt. Sulitelma, Norrbotten.
The surface of the bedrock of Sweden, whether it consists of rocks of
the Archæan System or of those of the sedimentary systems named above,
is covered with gravel, sand, clays and other earthy deposits to a very
considerable degree; they were deposited subsequent to the end of the
Tertiary Period, i. e. during the period extending down to the present time, to
which the name Quaternary has been given.
Whereas a relatively speaking high and equable temperature would appear to
have prevailed throughout the world during the earlier part of the Tertiary
Period, Central Europe for instance enjoying a tropical climate, a fall of
temperature established a changed state of things in its later part. — When the fall
of temperature finally reached its maximum in the Northern Hemisphere, during
that part of the Quaternary Period that is termed The lee Age or The Glacial
Epoch, the whole of the Scandinavian Peninsula was covered with a sheet of
inland ice or land ice of very great thickness. At the time of its greatest
extension that ice-sheet also covered Denmark, North Germany, Finland, a large
part of Russia, and a section of Holland even reaching Great Britain, both the
North Sea and the Baltic being solid masses of ice.
In its advance from the higher, central regions the inland ice exerted an
erosive influence on the rocks upon which it rested; the greater part of the
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