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64
I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
with magnificent brilliant blossoms, while bird-cherries (Primus padus) and
red currants (Elbes rubrum), together with green-leaved osiers form a dense
thicket vegetation. As a rule, however, the undergrowth is meagre and
monotonous, especially on level and dry ground. Lichens or mosses form a thick
carpet on the ground, and over this rise thick dwarf birches or shrubs, such as
whortleberries (Vactinium vitis idaea), blueberries (Myrtillus nigra) and crowberries
(Empetrum nigrum), together with very scanty grasses and herbs.
Fhoto. Gunnar Andersson.
Pine Forest in the Northern Region of Coniferous Forest.
Below the region of the birch-forest we come to the Region of
Coniferous Trees, which covers the greater part of the land-surface of
Sweden, and where two trees, the Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) and the
common spruce (Picea excelsa), dominate the vegetation and have a
decisive influence on the general character of the landscape. As has been
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