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68
I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Photo. Edy. Wibeck.
Beechwood in Halland.
Within the Southern Region of Coniferous Forests the oak-flora is, to a
prominent degree, restricted to the parts most favoured in climate.
Plant-associations formed of it are therefore encountered chiefly in the coast-districts, round
the lakes, in the river-valleys, and in the upland situations that are free from
frost. It is to be observed, however, that it is precisely the oak-flora that has
especially had to give way to agriculture. The oak appears in this kind of
district chiefly as a tree of medium height with a sparse far-spreading crown.
Where the vegetation has been allowed to remain more or less undisturbed,
there is found beneath the oaks a rich undergrowth of high-growing bushes
— hazel, hawthorn, blackhorn, honeysuckle, thorns (Rosa) etc. —, and a
grass-and-herb flora of numerous varieties. Closely akin to the oak-forests are the
wood-meadows, which in their most distinctive form consist of groups of
leaf-trees and bushes arranged park-wise, while the ground between is occupied by
a meadowy carpet of flowers. In the southern part of the region there occurs
beech, which forms copses or smallish woods.
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