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164
II. THE SWEDISH PEOPLE.
Table 31. Summary of the Frequency of Crime in Siveden.
Annually
Both
sexes
[-Women-]
{+Wo-
men+}
Age
Both
sexes
[-Women-]
{+Wo-
men+}
Annually
In- Other
fanti- homi-
cides cides
[-Larceny!-]
{+Lar-
ceny!+}
a) Serious crimes, 18ßl—19121
1861—65 53-0 92-1 16-0
1866—70 558 96 "2 176
1871-75 42-9 74-5 132
1876—80 38-4 67-3 109
1881—85 40-2 71 0 11 3
1886—90 36-5 65-1 9-5
1891—95 41-5 74-1 10-9
1896—00 44-9 81-6 10-0
1901—05 49-7 92-5 8’9
1906—10 49-1 91-1 9-0
1911 47 3 87-8 8-7
1912 50-9 93’4 10-3
1861-75 50 4 87-4 155
1876-95 391 69-4 10-6
1896—10 47-9 88-5 9-3
B) By Ilges, 1901—102
15—18 vears 762 136-5 13-8
18-21’ » 1505 272-8 27-2
21-30 » 150 2 276-1 25-6
30-40 » 74-7 139-3 14-3
40-50 » 42-9 807 9-5
50—60 » 22-1 430 4-0
60—70 » 9-6 18-9 1-9
70—w > 2-0 4-4 0-2
Total5 494 91 7 8-9
c) Special crimes3
1751—75 3-80 8-00 .
1776-00 4-63 7-15 .
1801-20 4-52 9-15 .
1821—40 3-95 12-73 837
1841—50 4-36 17 00 954
1851—60 4-72 10-76 667
1861—70 7-58 11-42 602
1871—80 9-14 12-42 581
1881-90 6-57 9-14 528
1891—00 5-74 8-96 591
1901—05 5-60 9-05 492
1906—10 6-25 9-32 476
1911 5-77 6-32 457
1 Annual number per 100 000 inhab. of those pronounced, guilty of serious crimes. It ought
to be noticed that the increase after 1891 is partly apparent only, in that certain crimes
before counted among "minor" are now reckoned to the number of the "serious". — 2 Annual
number of those pronunced guilty of serious crimes, per 100 000 inhab. within each group.
— 3 Annually per million inhab. The numbers of infanticides, homicides, and murders
are gathered from the statistics of population, and are possibly too low, but the figures
may still give an approximate idea of the direction of the change. For earlier times,
the heading "infanticides" comprises all child-murders, whereas from 1861 only infanticide
in a legal sense; the effect of this on the result will, however, prove rather insignificant,
and all the more so as the figures for 1861—1910 are sure to be more complete than those
for earlier periods. It will have to be noticed that according to the figures in the Table
above, there was during the years 1751—75 an average number of 4 infanticides to every
thousand of mothers of illegitimate children, whereas in our days, only about 2 (1906—10:
178). Concerning other kinds of crimes than those mentioned here, some data are given for the
periods 1891—95 and 1906—10 on page 166. — 1 Pettv thefts included. The first figure
837 refers to the period 1831—40. — 5 Per 100 000 inhab. of the total population (ages
0—15 included). — It may be observed that the official statistics do not make it possible,
in the particulars given above,, to avoid double reckonings to a certain extent.
If we look at the first division of Table 31, we find that the yearly
number of people condemned for serious crimes, from the period 1861—
65 to the period 1906—10, has fallen from 53-0 to only 49-1 per hundred
thousand of the population. To this gratifying result have certainly
contributed the decline in the misuse of intoxicating liquors, the
improvement in popular enlightenment, the increase of wealth, and
far-reaching religious and other humanitarian movements, which, during this
time, have influenced the Swedish people. But some effect ought, possibly,
to be ascribed to the emigration, which has carried away, not only a
great number of the smartest and most capable of the population, but also
a very great number of its most troublesome elements.
After having thus indicated a general improvement we must, on the other
hand, admit, that the time subsequent to 1890 is again characterized by a
serious deterioration. This has especially been the case in recent years, during
which several crimes have attracted a large share of public attention. To a
certain degree, this sad circumstance may be explained by the fact that in times
of prosperity crimes against the person always show a tendency to increase; other
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