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NAVY.
■55
The ship-boys number, in the present establishment, 600, distributed in 5
companies. The age of admission is from 15 to 17; the period of training as
a rule lasts two years, in winter at the Ship-boys’ School at Karlskrona and at
Marstrand, in summer on sailing training ships, and men-of-war. After having
undergone the process of karlskrivning (that is having been promoted to seaman)
a ship-boy is engaged as a second class seaman.
The conscripts of the fleet comprise: (a) all enginemen and stokers liable to
service, and entered on the register of seamen (cf. Seamen Registry Office), and
others on the register who have signed the articles six months ago or previously; (b)
other conscripts required for the fleet, in numbers determined by the Government.
A conscript who leaves a permanent engagement in the fleet or in the naval reserve
is transferred to the contingent of naval conscripts, or to the landstorm. — The
term of service is, as in the army, (from 1915) 15 years in the beväring, or active
navy of which 11 are served in its first uppbåd, or levy, and 4 in its second
uppbåd, and 8 years in the landstorm. Those who have previously been engaged
in the stam, or "standing navy", belong during their whole term of service in the
beväring to its first uppbåd, as also certain classes of students during the whole
of their term of conscription. — The period of training in time of peace is for
military fit (vapenföra) conscripts entered on the register of seamen (that is
those enrolled, for allmän tjänst, or "general service") 360 days at a stretch
during the first and second year, for other military fit conscripts (those enrolled
specially for service at sea or at a naval station) either 360 days at a stretch
during the first and second year, or 260 days during the first and second
year, and 100 days during the fourth. Students and officers of the mercantile
fleet are trained for 500 days. Military unfit (icke vapenföra) assigned to
the fleet train for 240 days. — The number of those enrolled for "general
service" is varying considerably, and a very high annual percentage of those
enrolled for service at sea fail to turn up at the muster. About 1 400 annually
undergo training. The number of those enrolled for service at sea has at
present been fixed at 620 annually; 209 military fit men are enrolled for
service at the naval stations. According to the latest regulations, 504 of the
military unfit conscripts are to be assigned to the navy.
The training of the seamen is carried on land at schools for recruits,
corporals, and petty officers, etc; at sea at schools for gunnery, signalling, torpedoes,
mines, submarines, at courses for various handicrafts, and also in the form of
service at tillämpningsövningar, or "application exercises", that is, exercises in
which the training at the schools is applied in practice. The training cruises
of the fleet have recently been considerably increased in extent. They are
inspected by the above mentioned "Inspector of the Navy Manoeuvres" (inspektören av
flottans övningar till sjöss), who in time of war is commander-in-chief of the
main body of the fleet, namely, the Coast Fleet, and in time of peace is as
a rule the commander-in-chief of those parts of the fleet which are annually
combined into a coast fleet.
The civil-military (civilmilitär), personnel numbers 46 permanent (ordinarie)
officials in the naval engineers, 74 in the staff of naval intendants, 6 chaplains
and instructors, and 48 medical officers. There are, besides, a good many
supernumerary or assistant (extraordinarie) officials. There are a number of
dockyard foremen, artisans, etc, on monthly or daily pay.
B. The Coast Artillery. The Coast Artillery in the widest sense of
the term comprises the coast fortresses and positions, namely Vaxholm
and Oscar Fredriksborg Forts, Karlskrona Forts, Älvsborg Fort and the
coasfc positions of Fårösund and Hörningsholm with all the fortification
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