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HYGIENE AND CARE OF THE SICK.
279
sand married women below forty-five. There are establishments in
Stockholm and Gothenburg for their training. A midwife is obliged to study
for at least nine months. After that, the majority of midwives go
through a course of instruction in the use of obstetrical instruments. In
certain exceptional cases, such a midwife is permitted to use instruments
in the exercise of her profession. For older midwives revision courses are
given at the places of instruction.
In the public Lying-in Hospitals, containing 382 beds, 11 816 patients were
received for treatment in 1912. Of these 29 died, corresponding to 0’2B %.
The period of treatment for each patient averaged lO’o days.
The profession of Barber Surgeon, originating in the ancient
barber-guild, still survives in Sweden, and is now represented by about 50 members
distributed in the towns.
After studying for somewhat more than a year and passing an examination,
the barber surgeon was allowed to treat wounds, slight boils, and other
complaints belonging to the domain of "petty surgery", as well as to afford first
aid in cases of accident, such as hemorrhages, dislocations, and fractures. This
institution, which is now regarded as superfluous, is, in consequence of a decree
issued in 1896, doomed to extinction on the decease of the present holders of
the title.
At the beginning of 1913, there were in the kingdom about 1 000 trained
Sick-Nurses, engaged at hospitals, cottage hospitals, asylums, and other
similar establishments, or employed privately in towns or in the country.
"With the special object of securing better nursing for the sick in the
country and a number of towns, 513 nurses were appointed by the end
of 1912 to the Provincial and Extra Provincial medical districts and in
communes.
Girls who have received a good and careful education are received as pupils, ’
and trained in nursing at the Institute of Deaconesses, the Sophia Hospital
(Sophiahemmet), the Red Cross Home for Nurses, and the South Sweden Home
for Nurses. The period of study ranges from two to three years. Training in
the care of the sick is also given at a number of hospitals in the capital, and
\ n most of the larger hospitals in the provinces.
The law enacts that drugs and medicines can be sold only at the shops
of qualified Pharmaceutical Chemists. The number of such chemists is
limited, and a new business of that kind cannot be started without the
special consent of the Government. Their establishments are subjected to
the supervision of officials specially appointed for that purpose, and also to
the annual inspection of the First Provincial Medical Officers. According
to the latest official reports, there are 371 apothecaries’ shops in Sweden;
(cf. Table 50). For the technical instruction of chemists, which, like that of
medical men, is remarkably thorough, there is a Pharmaceutical Institute
in Stockholm. The period of study after matriculation extends over at
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