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SELF-GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMUNES.
289
in others, even that of the Government. The most important of the
first-mentioned cases is the imposition of rates extending beyond a period of
five years: apeal can always be made from the Governor of the Län to
the Central Government. The direct approval of the Government is
required, as a rule, for contracting a loan and also in certain other
instances.
In towns, as has already been mentioned, the right of decision is
exercised in municipal matters by a representative body. This is called
Town Council (Stadsfullmäktige) and is elected by those inhabitants
of the town, men and women, who possess the municipal franchise
in accordance with the graduated suffrage scale (cf. Table 54) and on
the proportional system (cf. page 206). The number of Councillors
is determined by each town for itself, but within certain limits
fixed by the population: the highest number allowed is 60, except
in Stockholm, which has 100. Councillors are elected for four years,
half the number being elected every other year. In divisions within
the. Town Council each member has one vote. In other matters the same
rules hold good, where appropriate, as have been given above in
connection with the Communal and Municipal Meetings.
In Stockholm the validity of all resolutions, with some few exceptions, is
dependent on the High Governor’s approval. In other matters, too, there are
certain differences between the municipal administration of Stockholm and that
of the towns; but these differences cannot be indicated here. — In the towns
of Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Norrköping and Gävle, the Town Councils
transact the business that elsewhere falls to the County Councils (see
Self-Government of the Counties (Läns) below).
I). The executive authorities in the communes are quite different in
the Country and in the Towns.
In the country every commune, as a rule, has only one single
executive authority, viz. the Communal Board (kommunalnämnden), which
is composed of at least 3, at most 11, members, elected for four years,
half the number being changed every other year. The members of the
Communal Board do not receive any remuneration for their work. The
incumbent of the parish is also entitled to attend Communal Board
meetings. In some Communes there is elected a special Board of Guardians
which thus becomes a second executive authority within the commune.
In towns the executive authorities of the Commune are, to a certain
extent, mixed with those of the State. The municipal authority is
confided to the Magistracy, which at the same time is a court of first
instance, called the Borough Court (rådhusrätt). The Magistracy
consists of the Mayor and Aldermen, whose method of appointment has
already been described in a preceeding section (page 216). In every
town there is also elected a Board of Finance (drätselkammare) — elected
by the communal determinative authority — which manages the property
of the town.
19— 133 Sweden. 1.
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