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IV.
EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE.
In former days the exponent of education was the Church. This was
quite natural at a time when scientific education as a whole did not extend
much beyond the field of theological education, and when further the
teaching profession was still so undeveloped that it could be conveniently
combined with the priestly calling. In the course of the ages, however,
science has conquered one domain after the other, the theological
education has lost its former universality and assumed, relatively speaking,
a more and more special character. Furthermore, owing to the
development of pedagogics, the demands made on the teaching profession have
become more rigorous, so that the exercise of that profession and the
management of eductional matters in general now require special training
and expert knowledge. Owing to these circumstances, among others,
the Church as such is no longer entitled to be regarded as the legitimate
exponent of education and science, and the course of development seems
consequently to trend in the direction of separation of the Church and
the School.
The Church and the School in Sweden at present range under the same
Department, namely Ecklesiastikdepartementet. However, a Committee appointed
by Government has proposed in a Report which it has recently issued that
the "Ecclesiastical Department" shall have ecclesiastical matters removed from
its purview, and be reconstituted as a department for General Education, Science,
and Art. — Until a short time ago the Chapters, (domkapitlen) composed of
priests and laymen, were the local boards for the administration not merely of
ecclesiastical matters, but also of matters relating to the secondary schools and
the elementary school system. In 1904, however, was established a central
board for the secondary schools, the result of which was that the powers of
the Chapters as regards these educational institutions were very considerably
curtailed. And in 1913 was established a central board for the elementary
schools, whereby the latter also were placed under the administration of expert
laymen.
22—133179. Sweden. I.
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