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354
iv. education and mental culture.
The teaching also includes: Drawing: free-hand from plates and objects, and
linear drawing of geometrical figures and objects. Singing: Choral and other
songs with preparatory scale exercises and time exercises. Gymnastics: Ling’s
System: free exercises (Swedish drill), marching and jumping exercises, and,
in schools where they can be arranged for gymnasium exercises; also free games.
Gardening (where there is a school garden): Cultivation of the commonest
flowers and vegetables, rearing of bushes and trees, fruit-tree culture) and
instructions in the laying out and management of a garden.
School Bath at an Elementary School, Stockholm.
In addition to the above obligatory subjects there are the following voluntary
subjects: Wood sloyd for the boys, in several places also metal sloyd and other
kinds of sloyd; for the girls preferably knitting, plain needlework, darning and
mending, in many schools also dress-making, spinning, weaving, and basket-work.
The girls can also receive instruction in household economy: Cooking and
baking, the aim being to enable the girls to cook nourishing, wholesome, and
palatable every-day fare for a peasant’s or workman’s household, and to do this with
economy, cleanliness, and good judgment; the management of the kitchen range,
washing up, scouring, and "doing the rooms"; a brief course in practical
housekeeping, with instructions as to the utilization, nutritive value, and economical
importance of various food stuffs. Schools in which household economy is taught
have a "school kitchen’ (skolkök) connected with them (see above). These
two subjects, sloyd and cookery, though voluntary, have been extensively
introduced in the course of the last twenty or thirty years. Sloyd is doubtless the
most popular, but cookery runs it very close: "school kitchens" are now arranged
for in many schools both in the towns and in the country. The first "school
kitchen" was founded in 1882 at Stockholm by the charitable institution called
Lars Hiertas Minne. Mrs Anna Hierta-Retzius was the prime mover in its
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