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360 iv. education and mental culture.
Table 63. Expenditure for Elementary Schools.1
Annually Mean population Aggregate expenditure, kronor Kronor per head Items of expenditure, kronor
Salaries Premises and fittings School materials Other expenditure
1886 ...... 4 700 000 12 243 284 2-61 8 062 815 2 149 220 234 396 1 799 853
1886-90 .... 4 742 000 12 154 629 2’56 8 460 795 1 822 928 224 330 1 646 576
1891—95 .... 4 832 000 14 483 -m 3’00 9 679 281 2 391281 315 688 2 096 972
1896—00 .... 5 032 000 19 350 719 3-85 11713 603 4 369 041 308 391 2 959 684
1901-05 .... 5 214 000 25 510 946 4’89 15 261 115 5 437 107 394 618 4 418106
1906—10 .... 5 406 000 38 042 910 702 21 837 601 8 549 063 624 792 7 031454
1910...... 5 499 000 41 663 482 7’58 25 049 532 7 652 290 691 670 8 269 990
1911...... 5 542 000 43 688 690 7-88 25 755 496 8 384 247 656 323 8 892 624
1912...... 5 583 000 44 788 091 802 26 589 313 7 938 608 718 503 9 541667
1 The figures relate only to actual elementary schools; they do not include training
colleges, nor grants to the pension funds. The aggregate cost of elementary school teaching
in 1912 inclusive of training colleges, people’s high schoolß, and schools for the abnormal,
may be estimated at about 48 million kronor.
the parishes. It devolves on the parish to provide and maintain school
premises, to equip them with furniture, to procure school materials,
and to see to the warming and cleaning of the premises. It is moreover
incumbent on the parish to supply the teacher with his dues in kind,
to defray a certain portion of his cash salary, and to pay in an
annual fee to the pension fund for each teacher on the permanent staff.
The State defrays V 10 of the cash salary, and a somewhat higher rate on
the higher scales. In addition to this, the State adds an increment to
the pension fund, which at present amounts to about 772 000 kronor,
and entirely defrays the costs of the training colleges, and of the staff of
Government inspectors. Out of the aggregate expenditure for the national
schools, inclusive of schools for abnormal children and the people’s high
schools, about 34 % (in 1900 30 %) falls on the State.
Endowments for the purpose of national education totalled in 1912
approximately 8 165 000 kronor.
Educational Sloyd.
Sweden has played a leading and prominent part in recent efforts to
prevent children at school from being overstrained by too exclusive
brain-work. These efforts have led to the establishing of a systematically
organized course of manual training as an integral element in every school
curriculum that makes pretence to be drawn up on rational lines. The
educational sloyd system devised in, and put in practice throughout,
Sweden has since been introduced into numbers of other countries both
within the borders of Europe and outside them.
As early as the beginning of the eighteen seventies steps were taken
for introducing sloyd as a subject of instruction at Swedish schools then
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