Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - IV. Education and Mental Culture. Introd. by P. E. Lindström - 1. Elementary Education. By J. M. Ambrosius - Institution for the Training of the Mentally Defective. By A. Petrén - Institutions for the Care of Cripples. By Alice Bonthron
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374
iv. education and mental culture.
In addition to this, the State subsidizes the teaching of the mentally
defective on the following basis: an annual grant of 250 kronor for each teachable
child for at most 8 years, and, without any limit of time, the same amount for
the blind and the epileptic, 200 kronor for other groups of mentally defective
children, and 250 kronor for each unteachable child.
Whereas the grants for teachable children are of long standing, the State
subsidy for unteachable children was not issued till 1904. After that date this
hitherto almost entirely neglected branch of the work was steadely developed.
Thus, several of the institutions managed by the läns have been eked out with
an asylum for unteachable idiots, besides which there are a number of
independent asylums for this purpose. At the close of 1912 the number of children
cared for in all the asylums taken together was 726.
According to an investigation set on foot by the Board of Medicine at the
beginning of the last decade, the number of mentally defective persons in
Sweden is about 13 000. Out of these about 10 % are estimated to be teachable
children of school age.
Institutions for the Care of Cripples. The care of cripples in Sweden
dates from 1885, with the founding of the first Association for the aid of disabled,
principally after Danish models, founded at Gothenburg, on the initiative of Dr.
Olof Carlander. Soon after, in 1887, was founded a similar one, The
Association for the aid of disabled of Skåne in Hälsingborg, and some years later, 1891,
The Association in aid of the maimed and disabled in Stockholm.
All these Associations have erected institutions. At the start the working
expenses were covered entirely by annual subscriptions and donations, but later
the institutions received grants from the State, and also from the county
councils and communes. Partly by the aid of annual subsidies, and partly thanks to
generous donations for building, the associations have been enabled to extend
their operations considerably, and transfer them to new institutions suitably
arranged for the work among the disabled. At first the institutions existed
only as industrial schools and homes, but more recently the associations have
remodelled their plan, first in Gothenburg (as early as 1902).
Thus there are now in Sweden three quite modern institutions, with an
appreciable, though by no means sufficient, amount of accommodation. All three
are arranged on practically the same plan and work on identical principles.
The Association for the aid of the disabled in Gothenburg, as we have said,
the first in Sweden, was founded in 1885, and the industrial school was opened
on Nov. 5,. the same year. A dispensary and sick-ward were soon after added.
The new and up-to-date institution of the association was opened on Nov.
9, 1912, with a complete dispensary department and accommodation for 56
patients in the sick-ward, and 70 pupils in the industrial school, of whom 50
can reside in the school-house. The resources of the association at the end of
1913 were 773 204"io kronor; income during 1913 was 19 8 774"54 kronor, of
which the State supplied 30 541’75 kronor. Expenses the same year were
13 0 8 7 3-69 kronor.
The personnel of the new institution consists of a lady president, 2 doctors,
8 instructors, 3 lady teachers, a lady clerk, a matron, a deacon (or manager
of the male ward), male and female bandagers, 2 masseurs, 4 sick nurses, and
servants.
The trades in which instruction is imparted are shoe-making, bandage-making,
basket-making, carpentry, turning, book-binding, brush-binding, caning of chairs,
and zincing of china (the three last for less robust pupils) linen sewing and
marking, dressmaking and weaving, knitting, and tailoring. Instruction on
certain evenings is given, besides, in drawing, book-keeping, geometry, and the
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