Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - IV. Education and Mental Culture. Introd. by P. E. Lindström - 1. Elementary Education. By J. M. Ambrosius - Corrective Institutions for Depraved Children. By F. Fant - Reformatories for Juvenile Offenders. By K. Blomquist
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iv. education and mental culture.
Halland, Värmland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Västernorrland, and Norrbotten, and the
towns of Gothenburg, Malmö, Gävle, Sundsvall, and -others. Among protective
homes should also be included Hall Farm Reformatory, intended for seriously
depraved boys from all parts of the Kingdom, between the ages of 10 and 15.
This was instituted in 1876 by a private society, "The Association in Memory of
King Oscar I and Queen Josephine". It is situated on a farm purchased for the
purpose near the town of Södertälje. It is valued at 200 000 kronor, and, together
with the buildings erected in order to adapt it to the purpose of a
reformatory, its value is entered in the audit accounts at 240 000 kronor. Its
regulations were confirmed by the Government on October 24th, 1879. Not more
than 175 pupils are to be kept there at the same time. They are instructed
in farming, gardening and the care of farm stock, and various handicrafts,
according to aptitude. During the years 1876 to 1913, the Hall Reformatory
has admitted 1 250 boys. About 75 % may be considered as reformed, after
the completion of their specified course and discharge from the institution. The
community regains these as lawabiding and useful citizens.
Besides the protective homes mentioned above, certain other establishments
are to be found, which are similarly intended for more or less depraved minors,
but not certified as protective homes. These are Stockholm’s institution, Shrubba,
for 60 children domiciled in Stockholm; the enlargement of this institution is
under consideration; the Fröberg institution at Norrgård, near Kalmar; and Råby
Rescue Home, at Lund in Skåne.
Institutes for morally neglected children. In accordance with the law
aforementioned (June 13th, 1902) morally neglected children, who are separated
from their homes, and the slightly depraved should be placed in some private
family or in a home for children, so long as no danger is thereby threatened
to the moral development of other children. Similar children’s homes are to
be found in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and other larger and smaller towns.
Reformatories for Juvenile Offenders.
By the Swedish law, children under fifteen are not punishable for crime.
The present penal law ordains that "any action otherwise punishable shall go
unpunished if committed by children under 15 years of age". Therefore offenders
below that age undergo no other treatment nor training than other vicious
children, in accordance with the Act of 1902, providing for the education of
neglected children and degenerate children.
An intervening period ensues the ages 15 to 18, during which offenders
enjoy some remission of punishment, as is more closely defined in the pena
law, or else are taken in hand for compulsory education.
"If the crime (or offence, for in Swedish law no distinction is made between
misdemeanours so called — Fr. delit — and felonies — Fr. crime —) has been
perpetrated by a child above 15 but under 18, who is sentenced for it to a fine,
or imprisonment of not exceeding six months, the court may (in cases
where the mental character of the criminal, his surroundings, and the standard
of his intellectual development is proved to call for such treatment), order that
he shall be placed in a public reformatory instead of undergoing the sentence
pronounced."
In order to put in force a court’s order of this kind, (under the Act
of June 27th 1902 which came into force at the beginning of 1905) the State
has instituted a reformatory accommodating 100 male "pupils" at Bona, a crown
demesne in Östergötland. This institution, which has received from all parts of
the kingdom about 400 youths during the 10 years of its operation, is arranged
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