Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - IV. Education and Mental Culture. Introd. by P. E. Lindström - 1. Elementary Education. By J. M. Ambrosius - Popular Education. By G. A. Aldén, A. Dalin, K. Kjellberg, N. Lundahl and B. Sernander
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popular education.
381
ing, and various kinds of needlework and weaving. In 1905 34 per cent of
the teaching hours in the schools for women were devoted to general subjects,
66 per cent being allotted to subjects of a more practical character. —• In
some places the women’s school has been expanded into a school of household
management, with cookery courses, short courses in fruit-growing and
fruit-preserving, various kinds of domestic industries, etc. In some of the more modern
people’s schools in Norrland the women’s course goes on during the winter
simultaneously with that of the men, and in some subjects both sexes are taught
together.
Subsidies. State grants have been made in aid of the folkhögskolor since
1872. Since 1913 the grant is up to 4 500 kronor for a school which has a
course of at least 20 weeks; up to 2 400 kronor for a women’s school which
has a course of at least 12 weeks; up to 2 400 kronor for a women’s course
which goes on simultaneously with the men’s course for at least 20 weeks and
with special instruction in those subjects, where it may be necessary; for a
second course up to 2 500 kronor at a folkhögskola which has a course of at least
20 weeks, and up to 1 500 kronor at a women’s school which has a course of
at least 12 weeks, provided that the number of pupils in this second
course amounts to at least a fourth of the number of pupils in the
corresponding first course; for a parallel course up to 1 500 kronor at a folkhögskola
which has a course of at least 20 weeks, and 1 000 kronor at a women’s school
which has a course of at least 12 weeks. In order to obtain a State grant,
the school must also be subsidized by county councils, by communes, or by
private persons. At present the State grant may exceed the aggregate of the local
grant and of the school fees by 2 000 kronor for a men’s course, and by 1 000
kronor for a women’s course. A grant of 3 000 kronor is made in aid of the
training of teachers, male and female at the folkhögskolor. All these grants
proceed from the proposed grant in aid of folkhögskolor, which at the Riksdag of
1912 was raised from 220 000 to 339 200 kronor.
Since 1883 an annnual grant has been made in aid of scholarships for pupils
of small means; at the 1912 Riksdag this grant was raised from 35 000 to 80 000
kronor. It was made on the basis that scholarships of 125 kronor should be
awarded to pupils of no means, and of 75 kronor to pupils of small means
taking a course of 20 weeks, and of 75 and 45 kronor respectively with a
course of 12 weeks. The fees paid by the pupils range from 15 to 80
kronor.
The 1912 Riksdag, which so greatly raised the State grant to the
folkhögskolor, also appointed Government inspector to assist the Government in the
distribution of the grant, to see that it be properly applied, and to advise and
assist the folkhögskolor in educational and financial matters. Before a principal
or a permanent teacher is appointed or dismissed by the school board, the
inspector’s opinion shall be consulted.
In most of the folkhögskolor the old pupils have formed a union
(folkhög-skoleförbund), which meets twice a year at the school in order to attend
lectures and to discuss topics of general interest. Moreover, public lectures and
"patriotic" festivals are often held at the school, and are numerously attended
by the local population. Further, some of the teachers give lectures to "lecture
societies" in the places round about. Several of the schools hold what are called
"hembygdskurser", a kind of "local" extension courses, for the benefit of
former pupils, elementary and infant school teachers from the vicinity, and
others who may be interested; these courses usually last from 8 to 14 days;
the lecturers are university professors or grammar school masters. Besides this,
there are special courses for "small farmers" (småbrukare) men or women, and
so forth. Some of the folkhögskolor have also organized evening schools.
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