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state secondary schools for boys.
387
those scholars who stopped short of the studentexamen, that the bifurcation
into two "sides" should be postponed to the beginning of the sixth school year,
and that the lower classes of the schools should provide a uniform general
education for all the scholars in common, which practically meant the exclusion
of Latin in those classes.
These points of view, which had the support of the pedagogical doctrine that
specialized education can, and should, be based on general education, came more
and more into favour, and finally took shape in the Education Act of the 18th
February 1905, which is still in force.
The school organization which was thus established may by illustrated by the
accompanying diagram.
The most notable changes in the latest school programme were the arranging
of some of the lower schools as coeducational, the introduction of extensive
rights of option in the gymnasium, higher school fees, the institution of a
central State board for secondary schools, and in connection with this their
emancipation from ecclesiastical rule, and, above all, a syllabus of instruction
based on more modern principles.
Characteristic features of the Swedish secondary schools for boys are a very firm
and uniform organization combined with a great range of individual liberty for
the teachers, "corporate" decision in school matters, comparatively low school
fees, long holidays, the thorough "scientific" training of teachers, and last but
not least, the facilities afforded for children of all social ranks and conditions
to partake of their instruction.
Classification and aims of the State Secondary Schools for Boys. In
pursuance of the Education Act of the 18th February 1905 the Secondary
schools are classified into two groups, Realskolor, or modern schools
(independent), and Högre allmänna läroverk, comprising a realskola and a
gymnasium.
The realskola consists of six "one-year" classes (classes 1 to 6), its
final examination being the realskolexamen. The Gymnasium, which is
superposed on the five lower classes of the realskola and is divided into
two "sides", the realgymnasium and the latingymnasium, consists of
four "one-year" classes called "rings" (rings I to IV), its final
examination being the studentexamen. The sixth class of the realskola
is thus, in point of the scholars’ age, parallel with the first ring of the
gymnasium.
The first class of the realskola is the lowest, being intended for boys
of the age of 9. The realskolexamen should normally be taken at the
age of 15 or 16, and the studentexamen at the age of 18 or 19.
The aim of the realskola is to provide a common citizens’ education of
wider scope than that of the elementary school. The aim of the
gymnasium is, over and above the general education imparted in the realskola,
to prepare the scholars for the university, or equivalent educational
establishments.
The realskolexamen entitles those who have passed it to admission to
the postal and telegraph training courses, certain technical, agricultural
and forestry schools, to appointments in the State railway service, the
Post-Office Savings-Bank, and so on. The studentexamen taken in any
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