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state secondary schools for boys.
393
The above time-tables are followed in all the State secondary schools in
Sweden. Departures from them, however, may occur on account of pedagogical
experiments. Thus at present an experiment is being made with a new
language, namely Russian, at the State Experimental School, and with English
beginning in the first class of the realskola at the said school and at the Högre
realläroverket at Gothenburg.
The school hours are 5 or 6 lessons a day of 45 minutes each. Each day
is begun with morning prayer. The interval for breakfast is at least one hour
and a quarter. At each school there is a school doctor; in the New Education
Act particular stress is laid on school hygiene.
Outside of the regular school hours there is instruction in singing, gymnastics,
and the use of arms. Singing is in the five lower classes obligatory for
scholars who have aptitude for it, in the upper classes voluntary: two hours a
week is the maximum. "Voluntary instruction is also imparted in instrumental
music (the organ, and string instruments). In all classes half an hour a day,
or 4 hours a week, is allotted to gymnastics. In the 6th class there is also
instruction in fencing (foils and singlestick) 2 hours a week. Occasionally
open-air games, under the teacher’s supervision, take the place of gymnastics. The
boys in the 6th class and in the gymnasium classes have shooting instead of
gymnastics for 18 days at most, at the beginning of the autumn term, or
altogether 60 hours. During this time the boys are let off a certain number of
other lessons, so as never to have more than 7 hours a day.
A new school syllabus of instruction in gymnastics and singing is in course
of preparation.
New scholars are admitted only at the beginning of the term; the great
majority enter at the commencement of the school year, that is, in the autumn
term. All the new scholars have to take an entrance examination, except those
who come from other schools and wish to enter the same class to which they
belonged before. Even the latter, however, have to pass an entrance examination
for admission to the highest ring. For admission to the first class (the lowest)
there are certain "requirements" which should not exceed what is taught in the
first class of the elementary school; this elementary examination may be taken
in the previous spring term.
At the end of each spring term there is a "general remove". All the scholars
who do not fall below the standard are then moved up to a higher class, without
any special examination. Those who have failed to satisfy the requirements at
the end of the spring term, may, if they so desire, be examined for remove to
a higher class at the beginning of the autumn term; if they acquit themselves
well in the examination, they will obtain their remove. Those who have been
two years in the same class without having been moved up at the end of that
period, will not be allowed to continue at a State school.
For the scholars in the highest ring, who have sent in their names, the
studentexamen is held at the higher schools annually between the 10th
April and the 21st June. Those who have scratched or been rejected, are
allowed to go up again at the end of the autumn term. Examination
commissioners called censors, are appointed by Government to superintend
each examination: these are mostly university Professors. (The
studentexamen is not only held at the State schools, but also at some private
schools: see below.)
The examination is partly written, partly oral. The written examination, which
in both "departments" includes Swedish, modern languages, and mathematics,
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