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408
iv. education and mental cultulle.
of a State University at Stockholm, the capital, a Högskola, or College
with university rank, was erected there by private munificence; this was
also the case at Gothenburg, the second largest town in Sweden. Besides
this, there has existed at Stockholm since 1810 a medical faculty, the
Karolinska Institutet (Rojral Caroline Medico-Surgical Institute), which was
established and is supported by the State.
Sweden is thus in proportion to her population pretty well equipped with
scientific colleges. There are also two foreign universities which were founded
under Swedish rule, the universities at Helsingfors in Finland, founded in 1627
(originally at Åbo), and at Dorpat for the province of Livland, founded in 1632,
and now the oldest university of the Russian Empire. From 1648 to 1815 the
university of Greifswald was also under the Swedish government. In our days
the Swedes in America have established several higher colleges, among them
the Augustana College and Theological Seminary, at Röck Island, Illinois, which
’ seems to be gradually developing into a real university.
State Universities.
The universities established by the State are, as has been mentioned, the
two complete universities of Uppsala and Lund and the Karolinska
Institutet at Stockholm, the latter consisting only of a medical faculty, but
of its kind, the most important in Sweden. Like most of the other public
educational establishments in Sweden, these institutions range under the
Ecklesiastikdepartementet.
In pursuance of statutes of the 27th November 1908, the superintendence of
the two universities and of the Karolinska Institutet is exercised by a Chancellor
(kansler), who is nominated by Government after election by the
Vice-chancellors and the academical Convocations in the two State universities and the
lärarkollegiet, or corporation of teachers, in the Karolinska Institutet. The
Chancellor, besides having the duty of seing that the statutes are observed,
issues instructions with regard to the administration of the university finances
and estates, and pronounces finally and officially in questions of nomination,
and, in general, in all university matters which are submitted to the decision of
the Government. He does not draw any salary, but is entitled to appoint a
salaried secretary (kanslerssekreterare). The Chancellor’s representative and, in
certain cases, intermediary between him and the local university authorities, is
the Vice-chancellor (prokansler). At Uppsala the Vice-chancellor is the
Archbishop, and at Lund the Bishop of Lund.
The immediate management and supervision of all matters relating to the
university is in the hands of its Hector, who is elected for a term of three
years, at the universities by the Convocations, and at the Karolinska institutet
by the lärarkollegiet. A rector whose term of office has expired may be
re-elec-ted. In the absence of the rector, his duties devolve on the Vice-rector
(prorektor), elected in the same manner and for the same term of years. The
rector’s representative at the Karolinska Institutet is called the Dekanus, or
Dean. The office of Dean passes by seniority in rotation among the members
of the lärarkollegiet.
In the government of the university the Rector is assisted by Convocation
and the two Consistories of which he is chairman. Convocation (akademiska
församlingen) is composed of all the university professors. The Greater Con-
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