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48(5
iv. education and mental culture.
—1901). Of Swedish operas produced, there should by noted some by Franz
Berwald ("Estrella di Soria") A. F. Lindblad ("The Frondeurs"), Ivar Hallström
("The Captive of the Hill", "The Vikings", etc), Andreas Hallen ("Harald the
Viking", "The Valdemar Treasure", "Walpurgis Mass"), Wilhelm Stenhammar ("The
Feast on Solhaug", "Tirfing"), Wilhelm Peterson-Berg er ("Sveagaldrar", "Ran",
"Arnljot"), and Natanael Berg ("Leila").
During the first period of Swedish opera the following eminent musicians
from abroad were appointed as conductors of the Royal orchestra; F. A. Uttini
(1723—95), J. M. Kraus (1756—92), G. J. Vogler (1749—1814), Haeffner (1759
— 1833), and Jean Du Puy (1771—1822). After Joh. Fredr. Berwald (1787—
1861), born in Sweden, there followed as conductors I. G. B. Foroni (1825—58),
an Italian, and Ignaz Lachner (1807—95), a German, after whom the office was
held by F. V. L. Norman, Jos. Dente (1838—1905), and Conrad Nordquist (born
1840), all Swedes, and by Richard Henneberg, who was born in Germany.
Among others the following have wielded the baton at the opera. August
Söderman, Andreas Hallen, and Wilhelm Stenhammar; and T. Voghera, an Italian.
At present Armas Järnefelt (born in Finland in 1869), court-conductor, and Adolf
Wiklund, conductor, are the orchestric leaders of the Royal Theatre, as the
officical name of the opera now is.
From its earliest days and onwards, the Opera has been fortunate enough to
include the highest vocal capacities among its assets; the names of earlier
performers are Elisabet Olin (1740—1828), Karl Stenborg (1752—1813), Du Puy,
Julius Günther (1818 —1904), and many others. All those who had the good
fortune to hear Jenny Lincl (1820—87) preserve to this day the memory of her
soulful and moving singing. In England’s Pantheon a memorial has been placed
to her whose name has been for ever inscribed on the scroll of art. Worldwide
fame has also been achieved by Christina Nilsson (countess de Casa Miranda;
born 1843), who is still living; this songstress has appeared only occasionally in
K
Jenny Lind.
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