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jurisprudence.
537
The juvenile writings of E. G. Geijer (1783—1847), which were influenced by
Schelling, contributed to break down the power of Rationalism in Sweden: "On
False and True Enlightenment in Relation to Religion" 1811, and others. The
leading churchmen from the first decades of the century J. 0. Wallin (1779 —
1839), S. Ödmann (1750—1829), who did much to promote the education of
priests, and others, were mostly adherents of a kind of rational supernaturalism,
il/. E. Ahlmann (1773 — 1844), a follower of Kant, shed new lustre on the Lund
theology. The latter was represented by H. Reuterdahl (1795—1870), a disciple
of Schleiermacher^, editor of the "Theologisk quartalsskrift" (1828—32, 36—40),
afterwards archbishop; further by the exegete H. M. Melin (1805—77) and by
E. G. Bring (1814 — 84), the Hegelian, - who in the "Svensk kyrkotidning"
(1855 — 63) expounded High Church views, influenced by Kliefoth. At Uppsala
there prevailed a Low Church Confessionalism: its organ was the "Theologisk
tidskrift" (1861—89): among its best exponents were A. F. Beclcman (1812—94),
and M. Johansson (1837—1908). Beck in Tübingen influenced the exegete O. F.
Myrberg (1824—99) and IV. Rudin (b. 1833). Viktor Rydberg, the poet and
theologist (1828—95; "The Teaching of the Bible about Christ", 1862) was a
disciple of the philosopher Boström. From the same school proceeded P. Wikner
(1837 — 88), a Christian personality of great depth and warmth of feeling
("Thoughts and Questions before the Son of Man", 1872). N. Ignell (1806 — 64)
started out from Schleiermacher and ended as a radical. F. Fehr (1849—95)
and S. A. Fries (1867—1914) at Stockholm and P. Eklund (1846—1911) at
Lund were influenced by Ritschl.
The following are at present professors of exegesis: E. Stave (b. 1857) and A.
Kolmodin (b. 1855) at Uppsala, S. Herner (b. 1865) and E. Aurelius (b. 1874)
at Lund. The following are professors of systematic theology: E. Billing (b. 1871)
and N. J. Göransson (b. 1863) at Uppsala; M. Pfannenstill (b. 1858) and G. Aulén
(b. 1879) at Lund; practical theology is represented by E. M. Rodhe (b. 1878)
at Uppsala and O. Holmström (b. 1854) at Lund. Nathan Söderblom (b. 1866),
now archbishop, was formerly professor of the history of religion at Uppsala
and Leipzig. The leading theological papers are "Bibelforskaren", the "Kyrklig
tidskrift", and "Kristendomen och vår tid".
Churcli History in Sweden has been devoted mainly to the national church.
Notable church historians of the 17th century were J. ~Messenius (1579—1636)
J. Baazius (1581—1649), and Cl. Örnhjälm (1627-95), of the 18th century
E. Benzelius the Younger, A. 0. Rhyzelius (1677—1761), and O. Celsius the
Younger (1716—94). H. Reuterdahls (1795—1870) "History of the Swedish
Church" (the Middle Ages: 5 parts 1838—66) was the foundation of modern
Swedish Church History. L. A. Anjou (1803—84) has meritoriously treated the
16th and 17th centuries. At present the study of Church History is being
carried on with great ardour under Professor H. Lundström (b. 1858) at
Uppsala and Hj. Holmquist (b. 1873) at Lund; the former is (since 1900) the
editor of "Kyrkohistorisk årskrift", (the Church History Annual).
Jurisprudence.
Among the monuments of medieval Swedish literature preserved to us at the
present day, the most important are undoubtedly the laws or dooms. These
embrace Landskapslagar, Shire Laws, dating back to times when Sweden was
not yet united into one kingdom; Landslagar, Country Laws, replacing the
former when that consummation was reached; and Stadslagar, Borough Laws.
In large measure these law-books originated more or less directly from the
lawmen’s recitations in the "Things" or assemblies of the brief, pregnant pronounce-
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