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archeology, numismatics, swedish ethnography, and folk-lore.
555
excavations, the prehistoric material of Sweden, should be especially mentioned
Hj. Stolpe (1841—1905), who has made very extensive investigations (especially
at Björkö), with admirable accuracy and acuteness of observation. — Official
periodicals are: Antiqvarisk tidskrift (Magazine of Antiquities) and Månadsblad
(Monthly Review) and its sequel since 1906 Fornvännen (The Antiquary),
published by the Academy of Literature, History, and Antiquities. Lectureships
in Scandinavian and Comparative Antiquities have been established since 1897
at Uppsala University, and since 1911 at the Stockholm Högskola (University
College).
The initiative as to researches in Swedish numismatics was taken by E. Brenner
(1647—1717) in his celebrated work "Thesaurus nummorum sueogothicorum".
Among his successors should be mentioned K. B. Berch (1706 — 77). B. E.
Hildebrand has published descriptions of Swedish medals, H. Hildebrand of Swedish
medieval coins, and A. W. Stiernstedt (1812—80) of copper coins, etc. Large
treasures of foreign silver coins from the 9th to 11th centuries are frequently found
in Swedish soil. Indeed, as regards Oriental coins, Sweden is actually the greatest
repository, next to Russia. Certain groups of these coins (preserved in the Royal
Mintcabinet) have been treated of in comprehensive monographs. Thus B. E.
Hildebrand has described the Anglo-saxon coins, and K. J. Tornberg (1807—77),
the Oriental in his work "Numi cufici regii numophylacii Holmiensis". Swedish
coinage of the last four centuries is chiefly dealt with in the magazine of the
Numismatic Association. B. E. Hildebrand has published a large work of
engravings of Swedish seals from medieval times.
Dr A. Hazelius (1833—1901) has done imperishable service to Swedish
ethnography (and Scandinavian ethnography in general) by his grand creation, the
Northern Museum in Stockholm (as to which see a preceding article). Thanks to
his wonderful energy, this museum with its annex, the open-air museum Skansen,
has from a modest beginning attained such proportions, that it is at present the
foremost of its kind in Europe (the arrangement in the new monumental
building has since Hazelius’ death been carried out under the guidance of B. Salin).
Within its precincts is collected a vast material for the study of Swedish
folk-life during the last 3 or 4 centuries; the scientific treatment of this material
has only just begun (see the publications of the Northern Museum, amongst
others, the great work "Svenska folkdräkter" (Swedish Costumes), by P. G.
TTj-strand (1852 —1912). Of analogous museums in the provinces the one founded
by G. J:son Karlin (born 1859) at Lund is the foremost. A very excellent
monograph on Lappland and the Lapps has been prepared by G. v. Duben (1822 —
92), and another by Johan Turi a Lapp (published 1910).
Folk-lore is quite a young science in Sweden. As a classical work on this
topic may be mentioned "Värend och virdarne" (Värend and its inhabitants —
Värend being a part of the province of Småland) by G. O. Hyltén-Cavallius
(1818—89). Also L. F. Rääf (1786—1872) and B. Dybeck (1811—77) devoted
themselves with great interest to this science. In later decades much folk-lore
material has been published in the periodical "De svenska landsmålen", issued by
J. A. Lundell (born 1851), and in the publications of the Northern Museum,
especially "Fataburen", since 1906. E. Hammarstedt (born 1861), Custodian of
the Northern Museum, has written voluminous works on folk-lore. Lectureships
in Swedish Popular Customs or Antiquities (illustrating the life of the people)
have recently been founded at the Universities of Uppsala and Lund. The
collection of such material has received a new impetus by the systematic
investigations of the Swedish dialects undertaken by university teachers and students.
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