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iv. education and . mental culture.
architectural history of Drottningholm, on "The Swedish State collection of
Tapestries" from 1894 to 98, and in 1910, "Philipp Hainhofer und der
Kunst-schrank of Gustav Adolfs". "Essays on Art History" appeared in 1913. O. Granberg
(born 1858), a specialist in Dutch art, author of studies on "Pieter de Molijn
de Oude", and afterwards, interalia, of Queen Kristina’s collection of pictures,
and its origination from the Royal Chamber of Art in Prague, and of catalogues
describing foreign paintings in private Swedish collections.
In addition to these students, who all hold or have held appointments at the
National Museum, we must name K. Warburg (born 1852), who besides other
works wrote a book on Hedlinger in 1890; G. Nordensvan (born 1855), who
described the art of the 19th century in Sweden, "The Art and Artists of Sweden
in the 19th century", (1892), a more compendious book on the same subject in
1904 (also published in German); foreign art of the same period, "History of
the Fine Arts of the 19th century" (1900) and who recently published, in
1911—12, "A General History of Art"; O. Levertin (1862—1906), who
alongside of his studies in the history of literature devoted his penetration to the
art of the 17th and 18th centuries (Callot, Art Doctrine of the French Classical
School, the links uniting French and Swedish painting in the 18th century,
analysed in the book on Lafrensen junior, 1899) and C. Laurin (born 1868),
who published in 1900 a condensed "History of Art", and in 1908, "Humorous
pictures and their History in Art", besides the instructive illustrated work
"Picture-book of the History of Culture", 1905.
The 20th century has brought in its train stirring activity in this sphere.
Several works which fall under this era are named below. Early Swedish art
begins eagerly to be investigated, and its connection with foreign art currents
is brought to light. On mediaeval art in Sweden H. Hildebrand (1842—1913),
wrote as early as 1875 "Church Art during the Middle Ages in Sweden" (revised
edition, 1907).
A circle of junior students have made first hand researches into the Swedish
churches in the Middle Ages, and new and remarkable results of their studies
are constantly appearing. Larger works in this sphere are the "Fortified Circular
Churches of Scandinavia", by H. Frölén (born 1865) 1911, "Die Kirchen Gottlands",
by J. Eoosval (born 1879), and "The Building Art of the Cistercians", by S. Curman
(born 1879), the first part being issued in 1912. Smaller compendiums are
"Romanesque Small Churches in the Baltic provinces" by R. Steffen (born 1862),
in 1901, "Mediaeval Church Architecture in Sweden" by S. Ambrosiani (born
1874), in 1904. Studies of isolated churches have been made by Agi
Lindegren (born 1858), Västerås Cathedral, 1898, and E. Ekhoff (born 1846), St.
Clements in Visby, 1912, and more compendious works by C. M. Kjellberg,
(Uppsala Cathedral, 1903), A. Romdahl (born 1880), Linköping Cathedral, 1910,
O. Rydbeck (born 1872), Lund Cathedral, 1911. A comprehensive work, entitled,
"Swedish churches, an Inventory of Art History", began to be issued in 1912
by S. Curman and J. Roosval. Among authors of special studies we also notice
E. Wrangel (born 1863), who wrote of Lund Cathedral, Småland churches, etc.,
0. Janse (born 1867), A. Lindblom, C. af Ugglas, etc. O. Rydbeck, already
mentioned, issued a book on "Mediaeval Frescoes in the Churches of Skåne".
Other students have devoted themselves to art of recent times, for example
A. Hahr (born 1868), who in 1905 treated of "Art and Artists at the Court of
Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie" and from 1907—10 published "Studies in the
Renaissance of Johan III", both works illustrating architectural activity in two
important epochs — the author had previously written, in 1902, a general history
of architecture, and O. Sirén (born 1879), who produced studies of Stockholm
architecture, with Dutch, French and Italian ancestry, in the seventeenth century
("Old Stockholm Houses" 1912—13); "Stockholmiana" in four parts 1902—05,
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