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astronomy.
615
Wargentin (1717—83), first director of the Stockholm observatory, carried
out extensive observation work, fixed the latitude of the observatory and its
difference in longitude from Paris, cooperated in 1751 with observers at the
Cape, London, and Berlin in corresponding observations for determining the
parallaxes of the sun and moon, and observed the passages of Venus at Stockholm
in 1761 and 1769. The reputation which he enjoyed among his contemporaries
was founded chiefly on the tables which he constructed for Jupiter’s satellites.
Anders Celsius.
At the beginning of the 19th century the initiative was given by D.
Melan-derhjelm (1726—1810) of Uppsala for a new measurement of a degree in
Lappland (1801—03), which was carried out by J. Svanberg (1771—1851). A
few decades later (1850—51) this was succeeded by a Scandinavian-Russian
measurement of a degree from Torneå to Fuglenaes (near Hammerfest in
Norway), which was conducted by N. H. Selander (1804—70) of Stockholm,
J. M. Agardh (1812—62) of Lund and D. G. Lindhagen (1819—1906), the
last-named being at the time engaged at the Pidkova Observatory and
participating as a Russian delegate. Lindhagen, after having been appointed to the
Stockholm Observatory, carried out, in conjunction with Fearnley of Christiania
and Schjellerup of Copenhagen, the mensuration of longitudes between the
■observatory at Stockholm and the other towns mentioned. From the
beginning of the century geodetic-topographical work was taken up with
increasing interest. S. A. Cronstrand (1784—1850) and K. P. Hällström (1774—
1836) took an active part in this work by astronomical determinations for a
map of Sweden. Selander and P. G. Rosén (1838—1914), låte professor of the
Topographical Section of the General Staff at Stockholm, have conducted
and promoted geodetic work in Sweden, which has, since 1863, formed au
integral part of the activities of the "International Measurement of the Earth".
Side by side with the above-mentioned measurements and observations,
scientific research work has been carried on with success. E. Prosperin (1739—
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