Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - IV. Education and Mental Culture. Introd. by P. E. Lindström - 11. Science - Scientific Travels. Geography. By O. Nordenskjöld
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scientific travels. geography.
62.r>
with having created the science of plant-geography. In the first half of the
10th century, the number of scientific explorers going to various parts of the
world from Sweden was considerable. Foremost among them stood J. .4.
Wahlberg (1810—56), who chose South Africa as his field of study. On his first
journey (1839—44), he visited Natal, Zululand, and what is now the Transvaal;
on a later journey in 1854 he started for the interior from Walfish Bay and
penetrated as far as 17’ 41’ S Lat., but was killed by ail elephant on March 6,
In an account of geographical expeditions despatched from Sweden those to
the North Polar regions are the first to be met with. In this sphere, the method
pursued by Swedes, following Linné and his pupils, has won its best laurels.
Their expeditions, almost always equipped with a full staff of scientific specialists,
have laid the foundation of all modern scientific polar explorations, while at the
same time they have achieved the best results geographically. They have likewise
been the best of schools for Swedish naturalists.
The first start in Swedish Polar Exploration was made in 1837 when
Spitz-bergen was visited by S. Lovén (1809—95). Enterprises were led later to
Iceland in 1857 by Otto Torell (1828—1901), the first journey to Spitzbergen
in 1858 of Torell and A. E. Nordenskiöld (1832—1901), one to Greenland by
Torell in 1859, followed by the great Spitzbergen Expedition of 1861, under
the lead of Torell, with Nordenskiöld and eight other naturalists on board; they
made a thorough investigation of the northern and western portions of the
archipelago. The third and fourth Spitzbergen Expeditions started in 1864 and 1868,
under the leadership of Nordenskiöld. During the latter, in the iron steamer
"Sophia", a latitude of 81° 42’ N was reached that year, a record being thereby
40—133179. Sweden. /.
1856.
Salomon August Andrée.
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