Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Social Movements - 1. Labour Questions and Social politics - Labour Conditions and Workmen's Wages. By B. Nyström
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v. social movements.
Particularly in the latter districts, and in general in smaller properties, there
seem, however, to be no fixed hours for agricultural work; the length of the
hours of labour being adjusted in each separate case to the nature and demands
of the work. In these parts of the country overtime work is unknown as
something for which special remuneration is demanded, whereas in other parts
payment is usually made for overtime work, when during the spring farming or the
harvest time the ordinary working hours aTe appreciably exceeded.
In the annual reports of the provincial Agricultural Societies since 1865 data
have been given as to the prices of labour in agriculture, and on the basis of
these data one can follow in the main outlines the fluctuations of wages since
the said period (cf. Table 73).
Fuller information with respect to the different classes of agricultural labourers
their wages and income is supplied in the investigations of the Board of Trade
(and the Social Board) referred to above. The most important workers in small
farming, that is the unmarried farm servants, are paid an annual wage in
cash besides board and lodging. The wages vary greatly in amount in different
districts. On an average for the whole of Sweden the annual wage in 1913
for a man-servant (dräng) was 326 kronor, the estimated annual cost of food
357 kronor (0’98 kronor per day) and the annual earnings thus 683 kronor,
whereas for a female servant (piga) the corresponding average figures are 197
kronor, 288 kronor (0’79 kronor per day) and 485 kronor.
As for the servants called statare, usually married men, found on the larger
estates in the agricultural districts proper, who, in addition to an annual wage
in cash receive what in Swedish is called stat, that is, allowances in kind,
consisting of milk, corn, potatoes, and so ön, and who rent-free hold a dwelling
intended to house a family, their yearly income is. on an average 720 kronor.
This, however, is only the case with the ordinary farm labourers (körkarlar),
whereas the herdsmen and skilled labourers generally have an wage from 100
to 200 kronor higher.
Alongside of the above-named categories of agricultural labourers, who are as a rule
hired (lagstadda) servants, there exist in Swedish agriculture a number of groups
of labourers with conditions of employment regulated according to quite different
principles. A main group among these is formed by the day-labourers
(daglönare) whose wages are not paid at all, or at any rate only to a very slight
extent, in kind, but mainly in the form of a daily wage which varies very much
Table 73. Farm Labourers Wages. In kronor.
Annually Annual (beside and bo wage, room ard) for Value of entire pay (wages and provisions) for "statare" Summe per d r wages ly for Wintei per d wages ly for For 300 day work-
Man servant Woman servant Man Woman Man Woman Man Woman Man Woman
1866-70 .... 103 46 280 175 1-15 0 62 0-76 0’42 285 156
1871—75 .... 154 61 375 214 1-82 0’86 1-20 0-65 453 219
1876-80 ... 153 64 378 221 1-62 0-83 1-1(1 0’58 408 212
1881-85 .... 153 66 366 213 1 55 0-83 1-04 0-57 389 210
1886-90 .... 149 69 366 209 1-58 0-91 1-04 0-61 393 228
1891—95 .... 173 84 404 225 1’78 102 1-21 0-71 449 260
1896—00 .... 205 103 456 253 2-05 1’15 1’42 0’8l 521 294
1901—05 .... 233 123 507 286 221 1’30 1’54 0-93 563 335
1906—10 .... 280 161 609 347 2-60 1’52 1-86 1-11 669 395
1 On the basis of day-wages in summer and winter, reckoning 150 days to each season-
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