Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Social Movements - 1. Labour Questions and Social politics - Conciliation and Arbitration in Labour Disputes. By H. Elmquist - Labour Contracts and Trade (Collective) Agreements. By E. B. Rinman
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v. social movements.
■circumspectness, pointing out that he must remember that it devolves upon
the employers and the employees themselves to decide whether or no they desire
to avail themselves of his services.
Supervision of the Conciliators is exercised by the Social Board
(Socialstyrelsen), formerly by the Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium); that body is
required to see that as complete a uniformity in the application af the Act as
is possible prevails, and that the various Conciliators work in cooperation with
each other. In conclusion it may deserve mention that the Conciliators are
in receipt of salaries from the Public Treasury, and are not entitled to derive
:any remuneration or emolument from either employers or workmen for the
services they render as Conciliators or otherwise. The calling in of their aid
consequently entails no expense whatever. The same is the case with the
ispecial experts mentioned above; when they are required to do duty, they are
remunerated for their labours out of the public purse.
As a complement to the above-given statements respecting the duties and
work of the Conciliators, the following statistics may be furnished, culled from
the Summary Reports of their work (1907—13), that have been issued by the
Board of Trade and, recently, by the Social Board.
1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913
Labour Disputes reported upon,
Number1 ......................135 119 79 33 38 49 55
.Negotiation Cases, Number.... 88 69 60 17 24 29 34
Without Stoppage of Work .29 31 14 7 10 6 6
With Stoppage of Work ... 59 38 46 10 14 23 28
Employers affected by the last-
named Cases, Number..........320 918 2 723 92 1756 671 110
Employees affected by the last-
named Cases, Number..........7 072 21 107 228 186 5 214 11509 6148 8 976
Negotiation Cases where
Conciliation was successful, Number . . 79 62 47 13 18 23 24
Percentage..................89’8 89’9 78’4 76’5 75-0 79’3 70’5
1 Only those in which Conciliators were called upon to act. — 2 Not including the
■General Strike, 1909, and the lockouts in connection therewith. There were 7846 employers
affected by it and 285 898 workmen.
Far-reaching proposals for further measures on the part of the State are
at present heing deliberated upon.
Labour Contracts and Trade (Collective) Agreements.
Labour Contracts and Contracts of Service. Sweden has no legislation
directly applicable to labour contracts. Certain contracts of service,
however, are still regulated by the Statute relating to Masters and Servants
(legostadgan) of 1833, which Statute governs the powers and rights of
the Master on the one hand and the position and duties of the Servant on
the other.
In manufacturing industry and most other spheres of labour in which the
Statute above referred to was formerly applicable, labour contracts are in Sweden
no longer deemed to be contracts of service. The industrial workman performs
in return for a stipulated wage a certain labour more or less precisely defined
as to nature, time, and scope. Under the labour contract, it is true, the workman
stands in a subordinate position to the employer and his representatives, but, as
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