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labour exchange.
661
Labour exchanges on a business basis. The need of offices for
bringing into communication employers requiring workpeople and workpeople
requiring employment has greatly increased in the same degree as
development has created large population centres, increased the possibility of
movement, and otherwise made economic life more complicated and
mobile, so that only with difficulty can the individual survey and cope
with the labour market. Consequently, the private labour exchanges,
managed on business lines, have rapidly acquired greater importance.
However, this business had certain drawbacks, and moreover, some
guarantees were needed considering the fact that, in the seventh decade of
the 19th century, a steadily increasing number of Swedish servants were
engaged in Germany and Denmark. In consequence of this, a legal
regulation was considered necessary; this was brought about by the Royal
decree of November 28, 1884, concerning private registry offices.
According to this proclamation, private registry offices may be established
only with the sanction of the Governor of the Län. Such sanction is given
only to a Swedish subject of good character, who is a responsible person, and
has the reputation of being orderly and in other respects suitable. For any good
reason the sanction may be withdrawn. These regulations also hold in respect
to the permission to employ agents.
The owner of a private registry office who procures employment for anyone
abroad has to find a security of 1 000—5 000 kronor for the fulfilment of
certain of his obligations. When domestic servants, are engaged a contract is drawn
up, in. pursuance of which the holder will be held financially responsible, if the
applicant does not obtain the place, if he does not receive the wages agreed
upon, or is dismissed without any legal reason. A contract may not be drawn
up unless the applicant exhibits a certificate of change of residence. The
certificate is to be presented to the police authorities of the place of departure and
the contract must be signed by the same authorities.
If a servant is sent abroad and does not obtain the wages agreed upon, he
can apply to the Swedish consul, on whom the duty devolves of trying to
recover damages or else of reporting to the Governor, who can compensate the
servant from the security deposited by the owner of the registry office.
The owner is bound to keep a list, accessible to the police, of the persons
who have got employment through him.
At present the authorities are examining the question of limiting the right
of getting licenses to establish private registry offices and of supervising these
more closely offices.
Labour exchanges on the basis of voluntary organization have also
been arranged to a certain extent, especially for some highly skilled
occupations, as for example, chemists’ assistants, clerks, technicists, nurses,
governesses, etc. Of a similar nature are the arrangements made by some
training institutions for their pupils. In the same manner charitable
societies try to help distressed persons, e. g. discharged prisoners.
Some unions of employers and of workmen have also tried, just as did
formerly the associations in the age of the guilds, to provide for their
members with regard to their wants in the matter of workpeople or
employment.
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