Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Social Movements - 1. Labour Questions and Social politics - Housing Problem. By G. H. von Koch
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v. social movements.
"egna hem" with gardens attached have induced several towns to direct their efforts
principally on these lines. It is primarily with the view of furthering the "egna
hem" movement that the City of Stockholm during the years from 1904 to 1910
has acquired land property to the extent of 2 949 ares at a purchase cost of
over 8 million kronor. Several other towns have purchased ground areas
for similar purposes; thus, for instance, Eskilstuna has acquired 1 067 ares,
Gothenburg 304 ares, Hälsingborg 275 ares, and so forth.
The form most extensively employed for the conveyance of the ground is
conveyance with freehold rights, adopted by 25 towns. However, since the form
of conveyance termed tomträttsinstitut, a kind of leasehold, has been introduced,
this has been applied in several towns; however, it has not been tried on any
extensive scale except at the "egna hem" colony established by the City of
Stockholm at Enskede (see below).
As regards the mode in which the actual building is carried out, the
proprietor of the site has usually been left to his own devices. It is only at
Enskede that the commune itself has built a number of the houses, and this was
done only at the outset, and in order to supply good models. On the other
hand, the communes are tending more and more to contribute to the financing
of the "own homes".
This has been done, for example, at Nyköping by collaboration with a
savings-bank, and at Karlskrona by granting a building loan of up to 4 000 kronor.
The intrinsically most important "egna hem" enterprise is that which the City
of Stockholm has created at Enskede. This property, of 607 ares, was purchased
in 1904 for 2 million kronor, or about 33 ore per square meter. After the
question of ground leases had been finally settled by law in 1907, the leasing of
building sites began in 1908, the term of the lease being for 60 years. On
the lease expiring the lessee has the option to the site, and should the lease
not be renewed, he is usually entitled to indemnification for the value of the
buildings. The rents vary according to the situation of the site and the use
to which it is applied. The City charges 5 % on all its outlay. The buildings
at Enskede have been erected partly by the City itself, partly by private
persons or companies and cooperative societies, to whom loans or other forms of
assistance have been granted by the City. In order to provide credit facilities,
a special bank, called the Stockholm Lease Bank (Stockholms Tomträttskassa)
has been formed, and has received a guarantee" from the City of Stockholm for
a bond loan of 5 million kronor. The said Bank grants building credit to the
extent of 70 % of the estimated value of the building; when the buildings are
completed, a loan repayble by instalments is granted at 5 % in interest to the
extent of from 70 to 80 % of the value of the indemnification which the
proprietor would be entitled to receive for them.
At the end of 1912 there had been erected at Enskede 414 buildings with
2 310 hearths. The population of the model city was 2 726 in 1912.
A similar "egna hem" colony has been planned at Bromma, another parish
in the vicinity of Stockholm, partly for the benefit of the officials of the town.
Great interest has been displayed in the "egna hem" movement also at
Gothenburg. The City has appointed a special "egna hem" board, whose business
it is to superintend establishments of this kind within or without the precincts
of the City. In 1910 200 ares of the City property was set apart for this
purpose.
In rarer instances only the communes themselves have erected dwellings; where
this has happened, it has been done for the benefit of the workmen employed
by the communes.
It is only in Stockholm that any large experience has been gained in this
line. As early as the seventies of the last century dwellings were erected for
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