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V. SOCiAL MOVEMENTS.
The figures given above will serve to show that firstly the bulk of the
loans have passed through the hands of the provincial agricultural
societies, secondly that the companies and societies have been chiefly
instrumental in transacting loans in aid of dwellings, whereas the provincial
agricultural societies have been chiefly instrumental in transacting loans
in aid of farms.
However, the bulk, or about two-thirds, of all the "egna hem" farms
in aid of which State loans have been granted are already cultivated
holdings, principally crofts (torp), which the loan has enabled their
occupiers to purchase outright as their own property. Only quite a small
number of the holdings consist of new allotments, and are thus new "egna
hem" in the actual sense of the term.
Cottages, Flen, Södermanland.
In recent years, however, a field of work has been entered upon which
in many cases bids fair to be successful: to wit, the creation of new small
settlements formed by parcelling large well-situated estates. An important
step in furtherance of these endeavours was taken by the Riksdag in
1907 by the formation of the "Land Purchase Fund"
(Jordförmedlingsfonden), out of which loans are granted by preference to such
companies and societies whose efforts are altruistically directed to the service
of the "egna hem", movement, for the purchase and parcelling of large
estates into small holdings and plots of ground. Loans are granted to
the extent of four-fifths of the value of the property, and run at 4 %
interest. The monies thus granted amount to 2 million kronor.
The utilization of the facilities afforded by the Fund is a matter of
private initiative: the societies that have been chiefly concerned in this
work are the "egna hem" societies formed in several of the provinces of
Sweden by the National Association against Emigration, as well as
certain "egna hem" companies and societies unconnected with the National
Association; out of these latter the societies in the läns of Malmöhus and
Kristianstad have been most active and successful. The principle
governing the work of these societies is the application of sound and business-
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