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v. social movements.
the months from June to September and (2) in factories for the manufacture of
preserved sprats (Royal Decree of the 11 August 1911) during the period from
the 15th August to the 15th November. However, these licenses have been
made subject to various conditions, for instance, that there shall be intervals
for rest of a certain length, that the maximum aggregate working time shall be
12 hours out of the 24, and that work between 10 p. m. and 5 a. m. in the case
of the same female worker shall not recur oftener than every other week. The
observance of the Act is under the supervision of the Board of Inspectors of
Trades.
5. The Early Closing Act (Butiksstängningslagen) of the 5 June 1909.
As in the case of the above-named Act for the Protection of Children, the
application of the Early Closing Act is optional, being subject to a resolution
passed by the commune and sanctioned by the Governor of the Län. The Act
applies to cities, country towns, and municipal communities. The resolution
having been passed, a certain time shall be prescribed for the opening and
closing of shops, which time shall not be fixed earlier than 7 a. m., or later
than 8 p. m. However, for shops in which trade is carried on only in
foodstuffs, the opening hour may be fixed at 6 a. m., and for the same class of
shops or for shops mainly engaged in the sale of tobacco goods and newspapers,
the closing hour may be fixed at 9 p. m. On the eve of Sundays and public
holidays and the two weeks next preceding Christmas Eve the closing hour may
be protracted to 9 p. m. for all kinds of shops, and for provision dealers and
tobacconists etc., to 10 p. m. Where the provisions of the Act are brought
into force, prohibition may also at the same time be made against shops being
kept open on Sundays and public holidays during the period which, under the
terms of the penal law (Chapter 7, § 3), is not to be deemed a "Sabbath period".
Prohibitions under the terms of the Act shall apply to all shops within the
community, and no other classification of shops shall be made thau that
prescribed in the act.
Social Insurance.
The history of Swedish social insurance may be said to date from the
so-called Workmen’s Insurance Committee appointed in 1884 by a Bill
introduced into the Riksdag by S. A. Hedin. After thorough preliminary
investigations, the said Committee in 1888—89 brought forward, besides
a proposal for a law providing for measures to protect the lives and
health of workers, (seethe Section: Legislation for the Protection of
Workers) also a scheme for legislation regarding the main branches of social
insurance, namely illness, accident, and old age insurance. Although
the scheme broached by the Committee, in no case, except as regards
illness insurance, took shape in legislation, nevertheless its labours have
been of epoch-making importance for social insurance at a period when
the aims of legislative reformers in this line were still very imperfectly
understood in most quarters in Sweden.
In the following pages accounts, comprising a historical survey and a
review of the present legislation, will be rendered of the various branches
of Swedish social insurance, to which, in connection with the treatment of
the sickness benefit societies, an account of pension funds etc., has been
appended.
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