Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Social Movements - 3. Temperance Question. By Einar J:son Thulin
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74 (i
v. social movements.
defect which entrusts bar and retail licenses to private persons, side by side with
similar privileges enjoyed by companies.
In addition to the more general limitations afore mentioned, a multitude of
detailed instructions deal with the sale of spirits; besides which further restrictions
may be imposed by local authorities and by companies.
The sale of wines and beer has long been an object of legislation.
Regulations were first comprehended into one statute, however, in 1866, and
permission to serve these drinks was then subjected, as a general rule, to the
governors of the läns. New restrictions were imposed on this trade, in the
interests of temperance, by fresh regulations issued in 1874 and 1885. Thus,
bars could only be set up for a specified time, and by the governor’s permission,
and never without the consent (in towns) of magistracy and Town Council
and in rural districts of Communal Board and Communal Meeting. The
regulation now in operation dates from 1905. By this the sale is of two kinds, bar
trade and retail trade. No special permission is needed by those who hold a
spirit license, nor by innkeepers (when serving food with drink to travellers),
nor by those who board paying guests in their homes privately. But for all others
special permission must be obtained to serve wine and beer. "Permanent licenses
to sell" are issued for one or more, but not more than three, calendar years,
and usually imply the right of retailing wines and beer. These are granted by
the governor of the län, but no application is considered except on the approval
of the local authorities (see above). The governor may, moreover, permit bar
licenses at railway stations, health resorts or watering places, on passenger
steamers, or in other places where bar trading may be desirable. Retail trade
of wine and beer may be practised without permission by those who enjoy the
right to manufacture wine or beer, but then only at the place of manufacture,
and by those who are entitled to retail spirits. "Off licenses" to sell wine and
beer are granted by the governor, but not when an application is not approved
by the local authorities. The manufacturer may send round wine and beer for
sale without permission within the specified boundaries of a town (planlagda
området), and outside them with the consent of the governor: in the country
such sale is prohibited. Restrictions attending the times during which wine
and beer may be sold, and statutes, regulations etc., are to a large extent the
same as those established for the spirit trade.
After the passage of legislation concerning spirits in 1855, the temperance
agitation rapidly abated, and the movement did not re-awaken to fresh life until
at the end of the seventies: but the forms and principles were now changed.
This time, as in the twenties, the impulse was derived from America, but the
work of the movement was now principally effected by means of various
temperance orders. It devotes its efforts to securing the prohibition of the
manufacture, importation, or sale of alcoholic drinks. The International Order of Good
Templars (I. O. G. T.) occupies the foremost position among temperance
associations; this is due to its large membership and strong organization. It was
founded in America in 1852, and passed from England into Sweden in 1879.
In 1913 there were 2 412 sublodges, for senior members, and 1 020 junior lodges
in Sweden. A temple of the Order is to be found in many places in the country,
and an association of self-help is instituted among its members. Almost on
identical principles the Order of Templars is at work, founded in America in 1833
and introduced into Sweden in 1884. The order possessed 950 local temples
and 164 children’s temples in 1912. The National Order of Good Templars
(N. G. T. O.) was formed in 1888 from lodges that broke away from the Good
Templars. It. consisted of 710 sublodges and 151 children’s temples in 1913.
The Verdandi Order of Temperance (N. O. V.) was founded in Stockholm in
1896 by members who left the Good Templars, and maintained 377 lodges and
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