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temperance question. 747
Table 81. Consumption of Spirits (Liters à 50 %) and Beer in Sweden.
Spirits (’’brännvin") Beer Sentenced for drunkenness
Annual (by calendar year or official year; Total in 111 Liters per inhab. Total in hi Liters per inhab. Total Per million of mean population of penal majority (18 years)
1856—60 ...... 350 000 9-5
1S61-65...... 426 357 10’7 \ 8-3 • _
1866—70 ...... 370 057 8-9 1 8 726 3183-3
1S71—75...... 505 562 118 » 12 6 14 154 5015-6
1876—80 ...... 454 515 10’1 i 20 426 6 781-2
1881—85 ...... 369 364 80 I 1 16-4 ■ 19 759 6 3860
1886-90 ...... 338 308 7-1 22 070 6 959-0
1891—95 ...... 322 405 6-7 20-7 26 745 8 281-8
1896—00 ...... 404 349 8-0 1 306 930 260 38 557 11 389-3
1901........ 445 389 8-7 1 409 490 27-3 41 667 |
1902 ........ 406 197 7-8 1 361 560 26-2 40 893
1903 ........ 389 050 7-5 1 396 920 268 41 538 ; 12108-2
1904 (1903/04) . . . 368 070 70 1 404 878 27-0 42 564
1905 (1904 05) . . . 373147 7-1 1 532 061 29l 47 491
1906 (1905/061 . . . 393 616 7’3 1 495 115 28-2 47 629
1907 (1906/07) . . . 396 568 7-4 1 478 904 27-7 49 430
1908 (1907/08) . . . 360 248 6-6 1 428 472 26-6 50 546 \ 13 669-3
1909 (1908/09) . . . 329 318 6-1 1 319 763 243 50 322
1910 (1909/10) . . . 362 739 6-6 1 053 671 19-3 54 845 I
1911 (1910/11) . . . 368 805 6-6 1 135 194 20-6 50 972
1912 (1911/12) . . . 381297 6-8 1 093 478 19-7 56 622
1913 (1912/13) . . . 381 289 6-7 1 156 391 20-6 —
Table 81 shows that the consumption of spirits reached its maximum during
the first half of the ’seventies, when prosperous economic conditions prevailed.
In the latter half of the same decade and in the ’eighties, a sudden fall occurred,
and this is probably connected with a decline in prosperity. During the ’nineties
great prosperity produced a fresh increase, and in 1901 the consumption rose
to 8*7 liters. From 1900—1910 it fell by 2 liters per inhabitant, and since
then the figure has been fairly constant at about 61/2 liters.
One of the reasons may be sought in conditions that were created by the
1905 statute dealing with the sale of spirits.
Touching the consumption of beer, the figures given above (up to and
including 1891—95), are based upon valuations and calculations more or less
uncertain. This much is, however, certain: it was decidedly on the increase in
the latter part of the 19th century. Returns for 1896—1903, taken from trade
statistics, are, nevertheless, too low, when compared with figures derived from
the reports of the Board of Control for 1904 and since, because they do not
include the consumption of lager- and pilsenerdricka (small beers with more
than 21 i % and less than 3’6 % alkohol), and these are now reckoned among
dutiable malt liquors. The consumption of beers liable to duty has appreciably
diminished; this is due — among other things — to the combined influence
of the statute of 1905 respecting the sale of wine and beer, and the regulations
made in 1903, 1907, and 1909 concerning the taxation of malt.
The use of natural wines in Sweden is of no considerable extent — about
0-5 liter annually per inhabitant. For a succession of years this has been pretty
regular. But the consumption of artificial wines has apparently increased.
However the quantity cannot be recorded, but a very considerable quota is probably
included in the estimate of spirit consumption.
Whereas the consumption of intoxicants in Sweden may thus be said to have
decreased, the number of drunkenness cases is found to be considerably increas-
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