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protection of children.
771
those who have completed the association’s course of instruction. It publishes the
Magazine of the Swedish Poor Law Reform Association in an edition of 4 300 copies
in six numbers annually, The Guardian’s News and the Records of the Swedish
Poor Law Reform Association, of which 15 series have been issued, containing
full reports of the general work at home and abroad and the work for the care
of children. The association has also issued since 1913 the Audit Court
collection of precedents in poor-relief suits. The calender of the association
comes out every second year, dealing with all the various institutions for the
care of the poor, children, the sick, abnormals, and containing articles of general
interest. By representing different problems to the powers in the State, the
association has also endeavoured to secure development in matters affected by
its operations.
The association is managed by a board of 30 members and as many deputies,
including representatives from all the läns and from the cities of Stockholm
and Gothenburg. As the board only meets once a year, the work is directed by
an executive committee of 5 members. The president of the association ever
since its foundation has been Johan Widén, the governor of the län of Jämtland,
and the chairman of the executive committee and director of the association
is G. H. von Koch, editor.
The association works in three different sections: the departement for the care
of children in Stockholm, the department for poor relief officials, and that for
rescue work.
In 1908 it received a State grant of 8 000 kronor, which has been raised to
17 000 kronor from 1914 inclusive.
Protection of Children.
Besides what has previously been said, a special place merits to be
reserved for a review of the measures taken, publicly and privately, to
protect the growing generation; this is all the more desirable, as the work
of this nature, that has been accomplished in Sweden has been both ample
in scope and successful in results. The chief laws and ordinances
providing for the protection of children are the Care of Foster Children Act,
the Education of Depraved and Morally Neglected Children Act, and the
Poor Relief ordinance.
From lack of space, only an abbreviated and compressed account can be given
of the various forms assumed by the protection of children in Sweden.
The following categories of children are contemplated by the above Acts: (1)
parentless children, or those who lack relatives; (2) those whose parents are
unknown; (3) those whose relatives cannot, or will not contribute to the
protection or care of them; (4) those who in consequence of mental deficiency
need some other attention than can be provided by individuals, homes, or
schools; (5) and finally, children so morally degenerate as to require care at
institutions specially adapted for them.
It will have been gathered from the above that the laws contemplate normal
and healthy children as well as those that suffer from physical, spiritual, or moral
disease.
The management of the work is undertaken by institutions that receive public
encouragement and support from the State or commune, by associations wholly
or partially privately financed, or thirdly by private persons who from philanthropic
or other motives, devote their efforts to the work of protecting children.
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