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48
III. RURAL HUSBANDRY.
Example of Swedish
"couple-rotation" Ordinary rotation
1. Fallow ...............Green fodder.
2. Winter grain............Winter graiu.
3. Ley................Root crop.
4. » ..............Barley.
5. » ..............Ley.
6. Oats................Oats.
7.
The cultivation of cereals
The progress made by agriculture in Sweden has, during the whole
of the 19th century, been shown by the increase of the area devoted to
the cereals, simultaneously with the increased cultivation of potatoes, and
during the latter part of the century especially, of fodder plants, too. At
the beginning of the 19th century, it is calculated that the area devoted
to cereals amounted to about 500 000 hectares, but these figures rest on
very unreliable statistics. In the middle of the sixties, when
agricultural statistics began to be published annually, this area had increased to
1 200 000 hectares, a figure which, at the close of the century, had
increased to a little more than 1 700 000 hectares. During the latter part of
the 19th century, this increase in the area devoted to the cultivation of
cereals had fallen off still more proportionately than the amount of the
area of cultivated land in general had increased, so that, from the first
decade of the present century, the cereal-producing land had declined to
about 1 676 000 hectares in 1911, while the cultivation of fodder-plants,
on the other hand, had increased (Table 10).
On the other hand, the cereal crops, as a whole, have continued to increase
until the present time. From 6’2 million quintals, the estimated amount of the
total cereal crop at the beginning of the 19th century, it has risen to 25
million quintals during the first years of the present century, i. e., it has risen in
a somewhat greater proportion than the total area of the cultivated land, and
especially as an ever-increasing amount of the latter has been employed for the
cultivation of potatoes, root-crops, and other fodder-plants, the crops of cereals
per area-unit has risen very considerably, or from an average of 11 quintals
Table 10. Area devoted to the Cultivation of Cereals. Hectares.
Annually Total Wheat Rye Barley Oats ileslin [-Leguminous-] {+Legumi- nous+} crops
1801- -20...... 552150 15150 180 000 161000 113 500 57 500 25 000
1821- -40...... 724 300 21 800 236 000 187 500 152 000 82 000 45 000
1841- -60...... 911000 33 250 292 500 210 000 226 500 93 750 55 000
1861- -80...... 1 289 926 58 243 355 051 225 196 516 053 80 383 55 000
1881- -90...... 1565 992 72 899 380 665 225 517 734 956 95 465 56 490
1891- -00...... 1687 765 72 580 405 268 219 736 819 381 119 932 50 868
1901- -05...... 1 710187 81 226 410 791 213 552 824 693 136 895 43 030
1906- -10...... 1689 984 91 578 405 542 192 637 804 194 155 081 40 952
1911 1676 314 101 477 400140 180 537 789 862 163 435 40 863
Note. Figures after 1911, as being preliminary, are not given here.
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