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56 iii. rural husbandry.
Table 14. Survey of Cereal Cultivation in Siveden.1
Annually Area under cultivation hectares Crops, etc., of all kinds of grain quintals Crop per hectare quint.»
crop demand surplus or deficit 2 for seed for
consumption
1801—20. . 552150 6 620 000 6 960 000 340 000 1 187 000 5 773 000 120
1821—40. . 724 300 9 025 000 9 040 000 15 000 1560 000 7 480000 12 5
1841—60. . 911000 12 043 000 11589 000 454000 1963 000 9 626 000 13-2
1861—80 . . 1 289 926 17 225 000 16 207 000 1018 000 2 770 000 13 437 000 13 4
1881-90. . 1565 992 21392 000 21823 000 431 000 3 229 000 18 594 000 13’7
1891—00. . 1687 765 23 429 000 25 399 000 1970 000 3 416 000 21983 000 13’9
1901—10 . . 1 700 085 23 389 000 27 161 000 3 769 000 3 339 000 23 822 000 13 8
1 It need scarcely be said that the figures for earlier periods are very uncertain. The
crops for the years 1821—40 are here increased by approximately about 6 %, the original
figures being evidently too low. — 2 The leaded figures show the excess (of exports), the
others the deficit (i. e., the excess of imports), in making which calculations there have been
added together the amounts of unground grain (including maize) and of flour and shelled
grain, but not of bran, starch, yeast, and bread, the annual imports of which during
1901—10 amounted to about 1 million quintals, chiefly bran. The import of maize for
the years 1891—1900 amounted to about 150000 quint, and for the years 1901—10, to about
90 000 quint. — 3 The figures for early years are exceedingly unreliable. The comparatively
small increase is due to the extended cultivation of oats, this grain yielding less per hectare
than the other cereals.
into existence an increasing "export, first of oats and, beginning with the forties,
of barley, rye, and wheat, too. About 1860 this condition of things altogether
changed, so that every year there was an increasing surplus of imports over
exports of rye and wheat, but this was long counterbalanced by the export of
oats, which, during the seventies, was one of the most important exports of
Sweden. The export of oats, however, also began to decline during the latter
part of the eighties, in consequence of the increasing demand for fodder, which
was a consequence of the vigorous development of cattle-farming, and since
the year 1902, the import of this kind of grain, too, has exceeded the export.
During the last few years, the value of the imports of cereals has exceeded
that of the exports by from 40 to 60 million kronor per annum (cf. Table 8).
The winter grain cultivated in Sweden consists of wheat and rye, but these
cereals, however, although on a small scale, are also cultivated as spring seed,
Table 15. Cereal Cultivation and Consumption per Inhabitant.1
Annually All cereals, kg per head Wheat and rye, kg per head Other cereals, kg per head
Crop [-Demand-] {+De- mand+} Seed Cons. Crop [-Demand-] {+De- mand+} Seed Cons. Crop [-Demand-] {+De- mand+} Seed Cons.
1801—20 .... 2*72 286 49 237 93 104 16 88 179 182 33 149
1821—40 .... 313 314 55 259 114 115 18 97 199 199 37 162
1841-60 .... 347 334 57 277 131 130 19 111 216 204 38 166
1861—80 .... 407 383 66 317 131 155 19 136 276 228 47 181
1881—90 .... 458 468 69 399 135 186 19 167 323 282 50 232
1891—00 .... 475 515 69 446 143 195 19 176 332 320 50 270
1901-10 .... 441 512 63 449 144 199 18 181 297 313 45 268
1 The difference bctweon the crops and the demand consists of the excess of imports or
of exports. Respecting the consumption of wheat and rye separately, see Table 35. p. I, 171.
— The mean population durine the above seven periods amounted to 2 436 000, 2 883 000,
3 474 000, 4 233 000, 4 673 000, 4 932 000, and 5 310 000.
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