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66
iii. rural husbandry.
probably somewhat too low, but in any case they show approximately the course
the changes in price have taken. Since 1888 these prices have become, to a
certain degree, dependent on the import duties, as they were during the period
before 1858. During the years 1858—87, cereals, on the other hand, could be
imported free of duty into Sweden.
Finally, the straw-harvest is also a somewhat important feature of the
cultivation of cereals. On an average the straw-crop obtained from winter
grain (wheat and rye) is estimated at about 30 quintals per hectare or a little
more, and that obtained from the spring cereals at about 20 quintals per
hectare or a little more. The total amount, then, at the present time, is about
15 million quintals of winter grain straw and about 24 million quintals of spring
grain straw, or altogether 39 million quintals. Other calculations give somewhat
higher figures.
Root-crops.
Of root-crops proper (illustrations, see p. 53) there are cultivated
in-Sweden, besides potatoes, the white beet-root, turnips, and carrots. The
development of this cultivation is shown, as far as the area of the land
employed for the purpose is concerned, by the figures in Table 22, which,
however, for other root-crops than potatoes, do not date farther back than
to 1865, the year when the annual agricultural statistics first began to be
issued.
The cultivation of the potato was introduced into Sweden in 1723 by Jonas
Alströmer, but, as in most other countries, the new departure at first met with
great distrust on the part of the people. Even at the beginning of the 19th
century, the cultivation of the potato had not attained greater proportions than, as
it is estimated, about 5 000 hectares. Growing experience of the value of the
Table 22. Returns for Potatoes and other Root-crops.
A n nually P o t a t o e s Other r o o t - c r o p 8
area hectares crop; quintals 1 area hectares crop, quintals 2
total per hectare per inhab total per hectare
1801- -10 ... . 7100 693 000 97-6 0-25
1811- -20 ... . 15 400 1 554 000 100-9 0-55 —.’ _ —
1821- -30 ... . 39 400 4 242 000 107-6 1-37 — — —
1831- -40 ... . 56 500 5 418 000 95-8 1-57 — _ _
1841- -50 .... 76 500 7 070 000 92-4 1-86 — _ —
1851- -60 ... . 97 100 8 869 000 91-3 2 12 —. _ _
1861- -70 ... . 129 000 9 800 000 75-9 202 9 301 _^ _
1871- -80 ... . 150 252 12 569 000 83-6 2-41 11 485 963 000 84
1881- -90 ... . 155 096 12 850 000 82-8 2-75 17 650 2 504 700 142
1891- -00 ... . 157 547 12 221 106 77-5 248 34 510 8 136 000 235
1901- -10 ... . 153 246 14 797 000 96-5 2-79 70 670 18 205 800 257
1911 152 783 14 403 830 94-5 2-57 103 965 29 318 605 282
1912 16 222 920 2-89 31604 878
1913 152 429 20 511810 134 3-63 105171 39 723 620 377
1 Calculated weight, 70 kg per hectoliter, which, however, is probably a somewhat high
figure for Sweden; since 1913 the figure 67 kg per hectoliter has been used. — 2 Calculated
weight, 55 kg per hi for fodder root-crops.
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