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measures for the promotion of the hairy-industry.
119
countries. Several Agricultural Societies have appointed experts or
dairy-instructresses (Sw. länsmejerskor), who have not only to supply the public in their
respective läns with advice and information respecting the fitting-up and
arrangement of dairies, but also to give practical instruction in the manufacture of
butter and cheese.
Dairy-schools. At the Alnarp Agricultural High School there is a
dairy-division embracing a higher course for the training of experts and teachers
in dairy-management, and also a lower course for the training of dairy-managers.
The conditions for entrance to the higher course are that the candidate
shall have passed the final examination at one of the agricultural high schools
of Sweden, or have a knowledge of the work corresponding to that which
can be gained there, and to have seriously taken part in all the branches of
practical dairy-work. For entrance to the lower course the candidate must
possess a good certificate from the elementary school, and to have had at least
one year’s practical experience of dairy-work in all its branches. Both courses
last one year. At Åtvidaberg there is a State Dairy-School, for the purpose of
giving men and women who have already had experience in dairying and have
acquired some theoretical knowledge of their business an opportunity for the
further study of the theory and practice of dairying. Two courses are held
every year, each lasting six months. The State Dairy-Stations give
practical and theoretical instruction to women-pupils, the course lasting two years.
These stations, which are established in connection with private, well-managed
dairies, possessing the most modern requirements in every part of the country,
train annually some 70 dairy maids. The Malmöhus Län Agricultural Soeiety
has at Alnarp a Dairy-School for Women, which receives every year 6 free
pupils, in addition to as many paying pupils as the accommodation permits.
The course embraces theoretical and practical instruction in dairying, and lasts
6 months.
Dairy-exhibitions. An important factor in the development of dairying has
been the exhibitions of dairy-produce. From 1853—91, these exhibitions
were held in connection with the General Swedish Agricultural Meetings, but
nowadays the exhibitions of dairy-produce are held separately. As dairying
grew more general, the need for more frequent and larger exhibitions was felt,
and since the close of the sixties such exhibitions have been pretty regularly held
at Malmö, until the close of 1890, for the Skåne Läns, and in Gothenburg, till
the close of 1893, for Western and Central Sweden. Later on, these exhibitions
resolved themselves into so-called butter-testing meetings, the ordinary trade
article at the export towns being taken and submitted to various tests as to quality.
General Cheese Exhibitions in conjunction with dairymen meetings were
organized in Stockholm by the Board of Agriculture in 1894, 1895, 1899, and 1904;
since the year last-mentioned they have been replaced by cheese-stock testings.
In addition to the above-mentioned exhibitions, which were on a somewhat
larger scale, smaller shows have been held in many plàces; they are a regular
feature of many of the Agricultural Societies, and undoubtedly greatly contribute,
within certain restricted areas, to promoting dairy-farming.
Swedish butter-testings. Butter-testings began at Malmö in 1891; since
1893, they have been held at Gothenburg, too. Since 1894, they have had the
title of Swedish Butter-Testings; they are carried out by means of grants from
the Agricultural Societies and the State. The aim of the butter-testings is to
ensure the production in Sweden of export-butter of uniform quality,
suitable for the foreign markets. For this purpose, the following measures are
taken: 1) an examination of the quality of the export-butter in various respects,
by means of suitably arranged tests, is carried out with the co-operation of the
butter-exporters of the country and the dairy-experts; 2) immediately after each
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