Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - III. Rural Husbandry. Introd. by H. Juhlin Dannfelt - 4. Public and Private Institutions for the Advancement of Agriculture. Introd. by W. Flach - Veterinary Service. By G. Kjerrulf - Agricultural Credit Establishments. By V. Ramstedt
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agricultural credit establishments.
135
that form of cattle-tuberculosis which is shown by morbid changes in the udders
of milch cows, i. e., the so-called mammitis-tuberculosis. In 1911 there were
killed 224 animals affected with mammitis-tuberculosis, the owners receiving a
total sum of 26 578’io kronor, in compensation, or an average of 118’63 kronor,
per head.
3) The superintendence of the import and export of cattle and certain wares.
The geographically isolated position of Sweden has had the result that the
country, on the whole, has been spared serious outbreaks of cattle-diseases. As,
in the very great majority of cases, the infection cannot be communicated
otherwise than by means of animals — the general case — or by certain wares,
there exist exceedingly strict rules regulating the import of cattle and the wares
in question. For example, on the outbreak of any serious cattle-epidemic abroad,
all import of cattle from the countries affected is forbidden. The principal
regulations in force in this connection are the Royal Ordinances of February 4, 1898;
of December 9, 1898; of September 28, 1906; of July 13, 1909; of June 22,
1911; of January 19, 1912 — two rescripts — and- of March 19, 1912.
It is of the greatest importance, too, for the maintenance of the reputation
of Sweden as a cattle- and meat-exporting country, to see that no animals or
meat is sent abroad that can give rise to justifiable complaints in the
importing countries. In consequence, as has been mentioned above, strict
regulations have been issued respecting the control of the export of cattle and meat;
they are found principally in the Royal Ordinances dated November 29,
1906; January 29, 1909; July 13, 1909, and December 6, 1912.
4) To inspect the articles of food offered, for sale in Sweden. This is regulated
by the statute of public health for the whole country, dated September 25,
1874, the law of December 22, 1897 — revised by the Riksdag in 1913 —
the Royal Proclamation dated December 31, 1897, and the Proclamation of the
Royal Medical Board dated November 2, 1911.
The above is merely a brief account of the present condition of the Swedish
veterinary service. Those interested in the matter are referred to Kjerrulf and
Regnér: "Collection of Statutes, etc., respecting the civil veterinary system in
Sweden" (Författningar m. m. ang. det civila veterinärväsendet i Sverige,
Stockholm, 1912), or Kjerrulf and Ringdahl "The civil veterinary service in Sweden"
(Det civila veterinärväsendet i Sverige), Stockholm 1910.
Agricultural Credit Establishments.
The Palmstruch Bank, the oldest in Sweden, obtained in 1656 the royal
privilege to advance money on "palaces, estates, land, fields and meadows,
etc." The Bank of Siveden (Sveriges Riksbank), founded in 1668 — its
predecessor, the Palmstruch bank, having ceased to exist, — undertook
loans on security of landed properts^.
At the beginning, loans were advanced for short periods but they gradually
developed into standing ones. Hence, the funds of the Bank came to be locked
up to far too large an extent. In order-to facilitate the banking business without
considerable prejudice to agriculture, the "Secret Committee" of the Riksdag, in
1752, decreed that a yearly instalment of capital should be paid in the case
of loans of ten years’ standing. A system of amortization was hereby
established, which in 1779 became law, with the decree of a general reduction of
2 % per annum, until the whole debt was paid off. This remained in force
till 1859, when the amortization payment was increased to 3 % per annum.
At first, the interest was 8 %, but fell in 1687 to 6 %. In 1741, the interest
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