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212
iv. forestry.
Table 36. Sweden’s Exports of unwrought, hewn, and sawn Timber,
according to kind. Cubic meters.
KiDds of goods Annually 1886-90 Annually 1891—95 Annually 1896—00 Annually 1901—05 Annually 1906—10 Year 1911 Year 1912
Timber and masts.1 . 155 543 118 445 75 380 71779 45 254 14 316 24772
Spars and small tim-
ber ....... 32 586 52 553 69 306 133 484 180 690 179 091 158 454
Beams or balks2 . . 103 279 75 774 67 953 60 032 45 747 48 049 41540
Rafters ...... 178 099 224 464 258146 310 514 346 951 310100 328 654
Pitprops ...... 513 749 744 891 871 391 965 634 622 892 524 217 440192
Sleepers...... 11490 10 820 48 056 42 916 61 547 43 760 81094
Staves....... 44 400 46 822 47 246 65 606 88 395 111913 128 751
Fuel-wood..... 93 484 95144 72 559 70 619 49 053 30 287 31006
Deals, battens and
boards3, un-
planed . . 3 561 999 3 894 857 4 371394 3 940 514 3 605 628 3 530 437 4 024 326
Planed boards3 . . . 193 210 273 993 467 290 580193 571 287 687 599 656212
Deal- and boardends. 283 362 352 558 372 010 384 884 328 795 314 935 303241
Other kinds .... 33 070 63 145 101407 126 579 105 752 255 208 78 526
Total 5 204 271 5 953 466 6 822138 6 752 754 6051991 6 049912 6 296 768
1 Measuring 25 centimeters or more in diameter at the small end. — 2 Measuring
20 centimeters or more at the middle. — 3 Including box-boards.
English classification corresponded to secunds in the French. — Timber
from Dalarne and Southern Norrland ("Nederbotten") generally yields
more first-class wood than that from Överbotten, "the Upper Gulf", or
the districts north of Umeå.
The time during which the timber must lie and season is of varying
length, depending partly upon the time of the year, partly on Ihe kind
of wood (white wood seasoning quicker than red wood), and partly upon
the country for which the sawn wood is intended; the wood to be shipped
to the tropics needs to season longer than other wood, as does the wood
intended for planing.
Before the wood is ready for shipping, it must also be given the desired
length. It is true that, immediately after the felling of the trees, the
logs have been cut into certain given lengths, but during the process of
floating or in transportation, they have got damaged or worn at the ends;
and therefore the logs are cut about 12 inches longer (wearing allowance)
than the length stipulated for delivery. Besides, in case any blemishes, e. g.
dry rot or wane, happen to occur near the end of a board, it, is more
advantageous to cut it off, so as to get a somewhat shorter board of perfect
quality and also a board (or board end) of inferior quality. For this
reason the sawn goods are marked with a line showing where they are to
be cut off. After having thus been adjusted, they are cut off by means
of a cross-cutting saiv. This cross-cutting may be done by hand and is
not infrequent^ done in that way, but at the large saw-mills electric
cross-cutting machines are used and electric feed-rollers, on which the
boards are run automatically from the stacks to the crosscutting saws.
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