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vi. mining and metallurgical industry.
The Manufacture of Pig Iron.
Pig-iron was first manufactured in Sweden not later than the
fifteenth century: the date cannot be determined more precisely. The
manufacture of pig-iron gradually developed out of the process called
blåster-smicle or the blast forging, the product of which was wrought iron.
Statistics of pig-iron manufacture are also unsatisfactory for the earlier
periods: they can scarcely be said to be reliable before they get down to the
nineteenth century.
Table 53 gives the figures for the production, import and export, etc., of
pig-iron during the last 50 years.
The world’s output of pig iron since 1871 is represented in Table 54. This
table shows, that the output of pig iron in Sweden has relatively declined.
The causes of this decline have been pointed out above.
If, on the other hand, one examines the Swedish pig iron industry
separately, it will be found that the output has been more than trebled in the
last fifty years, that the export during the said period has been more than
thirteen times greater, and that the consumption per head of population
has been more than doubled. Further, it will be seen that the number of
blast furnaces on an average for the years from 1861 to 1865 was 222, with
30 678 working days as against 117 blastfurnaces and 35 265 working
days in 1913, and that during the said period the output per blast furnace
and year was 923 tons, and per working day 6-68 tons, as against 6 241
and 20-73 tons respectively in 1913. The output per blast furnace and
year has thus been nearly septupled since the period from 1861 to
Table 53. Production, Import and Export, etc., of Pig Iron in Siveden.
Annually Mean Population Production tons Import tons Export tons Surplus of export tons Consum tODS ption kg per head of pop.
1861- -65..... 3 993 000 204 826 5 533 14 212 8 679 196 147 49
1866- -70..... 4 166 000 267 854 4 530 24 280 19 750 248 104 60
1871- -75..... 4 274 000 332 456 13 436 54 320 40 884 291 572 68
1876- -80..... 4 500 000 357 224 15 900 35 973 20 073 337 151 75
1881- -85..... 4 605 000 429 377 20 050 53 093 33 043 396 334 86
1886- -90..... 4 742 000 446 580 25 515 59 205 33 690 412 890 87
1891- -95..... 4 832 000 471 147 28 027 66 766 38 739 432 408 89
1896- -00..... 5 032 000 517 796 47 233 82 781 35 548 482 248 96
1901- -05..... 5 214 000 528 255 46 174 85 470 39 296 488 959 94
1906- -10..... 5 406 000 1 567 418 70 858 117 891 47 033 520 385 96
1911 5 542 000 1 634 392 77 049 150 444 73 395 560 997 101
1912 5 583 000 1 699 816 84 473 192 788 108 315 591 501 106
1913 5 621000 1 730 257 94 675 195 230 100 555 629 702 112
1 In electric blast-fnrnaces in 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 and 1913 122, 302, 890, 5 786,
17 561 and 31 916 tons respectively.
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