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the manufacture of alloys. 303
Table 62. Output of Steel in Electric Furnaces in Sweden.
Year Tons
1900 . . . 14
1901 . . . 37
1902 . . . 208
1903 . . . 539
what measure of success has accrued to these endeavours with respect to
the reduction of iron ore.
The development in Sweden of the production of steel in Electric
Furnaces is shown by the subjoined Table 62.
The pioneer for this industry in Sweden was the Swedish engineer,
F. A. Kjellin, who in 1900 started at Gysinge a small induction furnace,
constructed by himself. This little furnace was replaced in the same
year by a somewhat larger one and in the following year by a furnace
taking 1 800 kilograms and intended for an output of 1 500 tons of steel
per annum. It is still running. The electric power available for this
larger furnace is 175 kilowatts.
The raw material used is pig iron and wrought iron in varying ratios,
according to the carbon content required in the final product. A little carbon
and silicon is oxidized in the smelting; but the greater the percentage of pig
iron used and the. more rusty the material, the larger is the amount of carbon
and silicon oxidized. Occasionally the process is carried out in the manner of
a real fining process, in which case iron ore or iron ore briquettes are used
in the required quantities. The process is then very similar to the open hearth
process. In any case samples are taken, and a forging test is made in the usual
manner.
The smelting takes about 41/2 to 6 hours. In the tapping about a third
of the steel is left in the furnace, in order to serve as a conductor for the
current, so that there may be no interruption in the supply of heat. About
1 000 kilograms of steel are tapped in each discharge. The output is thus about
4’5 to 5 tons per day of 24 hours, and 700 to 1 000 kilowatt-hours are consumed
in the smelting per ton of steel.
In 1903 was installed at Kortfors an electric steel furnace with a
capacity of three tons; it is of the type constructed by the Frenchman,
P. Héroult. The Héroult furnace is an "electrode furnace", that is, the
electric current is supplied to the furnace by electrodes of coal or graphite.
In 1909 a similar furnace was built at the same spot for charges of 7
tons.
At Ljungby and Héroult-furnace. (charge 1 ton) for steel-castings is
now being built.
Since 1910 an electrode furnace of the Aktiebolaget Elektrometall type
has been run at Söderfors.
In 1912 was started at the Hallstahammar Bolt Factory a small
1904 . . . 552
1905 . . . 995
1906 . . . 935
1907 ... 1 116
1908 ... 967
1909 ... 591
1910 ... 431
1911 ... 2034
1912 . . . 1285
1913 . . . 2 276
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