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waterfalls of sweden.
323
and gives stipendiums for journeys for the purpose of study, both to the
leaders of the industries and to the workmen. An account is given in a
special division in Part I of this work concerning the legislation aiming
at the protection of workmen against the inconveniences and dangers they
incur by their labour.
Annual statistical reports respecting the state of the various industries
of Sweden have long been issued by the Board of Trade. Unfortunately,
the execution of the work was, in earlier times, very defective, and no great
importance can be ascribed to the Swedish factory-statistics before the
year 1896 — after a special statistical bureau had been established in the
Board of Trade, with a sufficiently large staff, and after the supplying
of information to the national industrial-statistics had been made
obligatory by a Royal Rescript, dated November 13, 1896. The existing
Swedish factory statistics when compared with the corresponding statistics of
other countries have, in spite of undeniable shortcomings, above mentioned,
the merit of giving ay early survey of most industries.
A large number of special associations havte been formed for the
promotion of Swedish industries. In addition to these, there exists a general
organization, Sveriges Industriförbund (The Industrial Association of
Sweden), the aim of which is to combine the manufacturers, etc., of the
country and the associations of the various branches of industry, for the
purpose of protecting their common interests and, more especially, of
directing the attention of the Government authorities to the needs of
industry. At the present moment the Industrial Association embraces 371
factories, employing a total of 114 000 hands (end 1914).
In drawing up here the list of the various branches of industry, the
division is employed that is made use of in the official factory-statistics,
against which, it is possible, criticisms respecting details may be made,
but which have the great merit of being connected with that employed
for the last four decades in the commercial-statistics, a fact which of
course, facilitates comparisons between the manufactures, the imports and
the exports.
Before proceeding to a detailed account of the manufacturing industries,
some words may be said here respecting one of the most important factors
for the industries of the country in general, viz., the Swedish waterfalls.
Waterfalls of Sweden.
Sweden is, with regard to the supply of water power, one of the
countries in Europe which Nature has most favoured. It is true that reliable
data as to the measure of Sweden’s water-power are still lacking, but a
rough estimate has given the result of 10 million horse-power, available
during from six to nine months of the year. Another estimate has led to
a final figure of 6 s/4 million turbine horse-power, available during nine
months of the year. Full certainty in this respect can obviously not be
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